as PR-like eruptions may have peripheral eosinophilia, interface dermatitis and eosinophils on histopathology, with no evidence of HHV-6 and HHV-7 systemic reactivation. 3 Our cases had overlapping features of both PR and PR-like eruptions.COVID-19 has been associated with cases of PR and PRlike eruptions following the acute infection. 6,7 Skin biopsies may demonstrate positivity for the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein on endothelial cells and lymphocytes suggesting a direct relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and PR. 7 SARS-CoV-2 may also trigger PR by reactivation of HHV-6 or HHV-7. 5 PR eruptions have developed following vaccination for influenza and H1N1 8-10 and may be secondary to reactivation of HHV-6 and HHV-7, which may be detected in skin biopsies via in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. 9 Another possible cause for PR in the setting of vaccination is a T-cell-mediated response triggered by molecular mimicry from a viral epitope. 8 Given worldwide vaccination efforts against COVID-19 with mRNA vaccines, it is important for doctors and patients to recognize possible adverse events including PR. Further study is required to confirm the causative link, including direct examination of tissue and serological studies for evidence of HHV-6 and HHV-7 reactivation.

BackgroundThere is a lack of good data in the literature evaluating the Health-Related Quality of Life (HR- QoL) in patients with urinary diversions. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in expectation and needs in terms of human adaptation and behavioural profiles in patients with ileal conduit (IC) after radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer (BC).Materials and methodsA qualitative, multicenter cross-sectional study using a “narrative based” approach was planned. We proceed with a sampling reasoned choice (purposive), selecting groups of patients with follow-up from one up to more than 7 years after surgery. Data were collected through individual interviews.ResultsThirty patients participated in the study. The processing of the interviews allowed us to identify 2 major profiles: positive and negative. Patients with a positive profile resumed normal daily activities with no or limited restrictions both on the personal and the social level. This profile reflects a good HR-QoL. The negative profile reflects the patients for whom the ostomy has meant a worsening of HR-QoL. A positive profile was statistically more frequent in older patients (p = 0.023), with a longer follow-up (p = 0.042) and less complications rates (p = 0.0002). According to the length of follow-up and the occurrence of complitations, we identified further 5 intermediate profiles.ConclusionsPatients’ satisfaction is related to the degree of adaptation to their new life with an urinary stoma and its correct management. Live “with urinary diversion” represents a new phase of life and not a deterioration.

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Opinion statementRecently introduced systemic therapies for locally advanced and metastatic non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are paving the way for neoadjuvant approach. Although none of the therapeutic options has currently gained indication in this setting, neoadjuvant approach for NMSCs is an open field and we are likely to see huge developments in the near future. Targeted therapy with sonic hedgehog pathway inhibitors is very effective in locally advanced or multiple basal cell carcinomas while immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors appears to be promising for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. To date, targeted therapy and immunotherapy represent the frontiers in NMSC therapeutic management and, according to recent studies, good results can be achieved.

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BackgroundThe ileal orthotopic neobladder (IONB) is often used in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. The IONB allows to void avoiding the disadvantages of the external urinary diversion.In IONB patients the quality of life (QoL) appears compromised by the need to urinate voluntarily. The patients need to wake up at night interrupting the sleep-wake rhythm with consequences on social and emotional life.At present the QoL in IONB patients is evaluated by generic questionnaires. These are useful when IONB patients are compared with patients with different urinary diversions but they are less effective when only IONB patients are evaluated. To address this problem a specific questionnaire—the IONB-PRO—was developed.MethodsA) Based on a conceptual framework, narrative-based interviews were conducted on 35 IONB patients. A basic pool of 43 items was produced and organized throughout two clinical and four QoL dimensions. An additional 15 IONB patients were interviewed for face validity testing.B) Psychometric testing was conducted on 145 IONB patients. Both classic test strategy and Rasch analysis were applied. Psychometric properties of the resulting scales were comparatively tested against other QoL-validated scales.ResultsThe IONB-PRO questionnaire includes two sections: one on the QoL and a second section on the capability of the patient to manage the IONB. For evaluation of the QoL, three versions were delivered: 1) a basic 23-item QoL version (3 domains 23-items; alpha 0.86÷ 9.69), 2) a short-form 12-item QoL scale (alpha = 0.947), and 3) a short-form 15-item Rasch QoL scale (alpha = 0.967). Correlations of the long version scales with the corresponding dimensions of the EORTC-QLQ C30 and the EORTC-BLM30 were significant. The short forms exhibited significant correlations with the global health dimension of the EORTC-QLQ and with the urinary subscales of the EORTC-BLM30. The effect size was approximately 1.00 between patients at the 1-year follow-up period and those with 3, 5, and > 5-year follow-up periods for all scales. No relevant differences were observed between the 12-item short-form and the Rasch scale.ConclusionsThe IONB-PRO long and short-forms demonstrated a high level of internal consistency and reliability with an excellent discriminanting validity.

Abstract. Background/Aim: Studies comparing healthrelated quality of life (HR-QoLBladder cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed types of cancer and Europe has the highest incidence rate of bladder cancer worldwide. Morevover, Spain and Italy have the highest incidence in men in Europe, at approximately 37/100,000 and 33/100,000. respectively, (1). Classically, according to European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines, radical cystectomy (RC) represents the gold standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, T2-T4a, N0-Nx, M0 and for high-risk and recurrent superficial tumours (2). Unfortunately, no consensus has been reached about ideal age, timing and type of urinary diversion after RC. Options range from ileal conduit (IC) to orthotopic neobladder (ONB) reconstruction, with different outcomes, such as complication rates and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL