Purpose According to the recently implemented organized cervical cancer screening program in Germany, women older than 35 years with negative cytology but persistent high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) infection > 12 months should be referred to colposcopy for further evaluation. This study aimed to present and dissect colposcopic and histopathological findings with particular focus on associated hrHPV genotypes. Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 89 hrHPV positive patients with normal cytology who underwent colposcopic examination at a certified dysplasia outpatient clinic in Germany in 2021. Results While 38 (43%) women had a normal colposcopic finding, 45 (51%) had minor and 6 (7%) major changes. Thirty-one (35%) of the women were HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 positive and 58 (65%) women were positive for other hrHPV only. Among patients who underwent colposcopy with biopsies (in case of an abnormal finding or type 3 transformation zone, n = 68), eight (12%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3 and six (9%) had CIN 2. The proportion of women diagnosed with CIN 3 varied among different hrHPV genotypes (HPV 16: 11%, HPV 18: 33%, HPV 31: 27%, HPV 33: 33%, HPV 52: 33%). Conclusion Persistently hrHPV positive women with negative cytology are at increased risk of being diagnosed with CIN 3. As CIN 3 prevalence seems to differ with regard to hrHPV strain, immediate HPV genotyping for risk stratification and subsequent early referral for colposcopy might constitute a feasible strategy.

Background/Aim: To compare the microscopic, macroscopic and thermal damage inflicted to ovarian tissue by conventional monopolar and bipolar energy, argon plasma coagulation (APC) and diode laser. Materials and Methods: Bovine ovaries were used as a substitute for human tissue and subjected to the four aforementioned techniques and the inflicted damage was measured. Sixty fresh and morphologically similar cadaveric bovine ovaries were divided into five equal groups, each group was subjected to one of the following energy applications for both 1 and 5 s: Monopolar, bipolar electrocoagulation, diode laser, preciseAPC ® and forcedAPC ® . Ovarian temperatures were measured at 4 and 8 s after treatment. Formalin-fixed ovarian specimens were examined by pathologists regarding macroscopic, microscopic and thermal tissue damage. Results: None of the ovaries reached the temperature producing severe damage (40˚C) after 1 s of energy transfer. Heating of adjacent ovarian tissue was least pronounced when preciseAPC ® and monopolar electrocoagulation were applied (27.2±3.3˚C and 28.2±2.9˚C after 5 s of application, respectively). Conversely, 41.7% of the ovaries subjected to bipolar electrocoagulation for 5 s overheated. ForcedAPC ® resulted in the most pronounced