Hand Tremor and Inertial Measures using few features led to similar decision of the algorithms. Moreover, performance increased significantly according to the number of features used, reaching a plateau around 136. Finally, the results of this study suggested that kNN was the best algorithm to classify hand resting tremor in patients with PD.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most important research challenges nowadays. In the past five decades, no significant changes in the elucidation of the whole pathophysiology and therapeutic scenario for PD were found, and possible strategies to stop, reverse or cure the disease seem to be on a far horizon. Historically, the most relevant advances in therapeutics for PD were reached using nonhuman primate (NHP) models. They are considered invaluable models for studies on new therapeutic strategies, due to their unquestionable validity to evaluate the efficiency, reliability, and safety for human use. However, NHP species choice may affect research outcomes and must be evaluated with careful consideration of the trade-offs between convenience, costs, scientific relevance, and clinical predictivity. Sapajus apella is a New World monkey species with prominent characteristics as a model for research on the brain and behavior bearing on the human condition, especially regarding the complex features clinically relevant in PD. Among the New World primates, Sapajus apella monkeys more closely resemble humans in several relevant aspects for investigations in PD than other species that are most used for such purposes. This paper discusses the relevance of Sapajus apella monkeys as model to study and develop new therapeutic approaches for PD based on phylogenetic characteristics, telencephalization coefficient, anatomic structures and pathways, genetic features, immune responses, cognitive abilities, and behavioral repertoires.
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease with motor symptoms that are well understood, but non-motor symptoms may be present and appear at different temporal stages of the disease. Physical activity based on dance movements is emerging as a complementary therapeutic approach to a range of PD symptoms as a multidimensional activity that requires rhythmic synchronization and more neuromuscular functions. Objective To evaluate the effects of physical activity based on dance movements on the movement, executive functions, depressive symptoms, quality of life, and severity of PD in individuals diagnosed with PD. Methods 13 individuals with PD (Hoehn & Yahr I-III, MDS-UPDRS 67.62 ± 20.83), underwent physical activity based on dance movements (2x week for 6 months). Participants were assessed at baseline and after 6 months on movement (POMA, TUG and MDS-UPDRS Part III), executive function (FAB), depressive symptoms (MADRS), quality of life (PDQ-39), and severity of PD (MDS-UPDRS TOTAL). Student’s t-test was used to compare pre and post-intervention results. Results We observed a significant improvement in the movement (balance and gait) by the POMA test, p = 0.0207, executive function by the FAB test, p = 0.0074, abstract reasoning and inhibitory control by the FAB, Conceptualization test, p = 0.0062, and Inhibitory Control, p = 0.0064, depressive symptoms assessed by the MADRS test significantly reduced, p = 0.0214, and the quality of life by the PDQ-39 had a significant increase after the intervention, p = 0.0006, showed significant improvements between the pre-and post-intervention periods of physical activity based on dance movements. Conclusion Physical activity based on dance movements contributed to significant improvements in movement (balance and gait), executive functions, especially in cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control, and the quality of life too. Sensorimotor integration, most cognitive processing and social skills may have contributed to the results. Trial registration The study was registered in the Brazilian registry of clinical trials: RBR-3bhbrb5.
Elaborado por Maurício Amormino Júnior-CRB6/2422 DOI O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. 2019 Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.
Determinar o padrão de aprendizagem e as diferenças inter e intraindividuais observadas em treinamento para entrada voluntária e posicionamento de macacos Sapajus apella em aparato experimental (cadeira para primatas), bem como quantificar o tempo necessário para a obtenção dos resultados esperados. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Participaram da pesquisa três macacos machos que foram submetidos a um período de dois meses de habituação aos experimentadores, seguido de sessões diárias de 20 min de treinamento por condicionamento operante, com o emprego das técnicas de clicker e reforçamento positivo por meio de recompensas comestíveis, pelo período de quatro meses. As sessões foram gravadas para posterior análise de parâmetros temporais e de frequência de apresentação dos comportamentos desejados. RESULTADOS: Análises interindividuais revelaram diferenças significativas na comparação dos escores obtidos para cada animal nas latências e frequências de apresentação dos comportamentos desejados. Análises intraindividuais comparando diferentes janelas temporais ao longo do período de treinamento revelaram diferenças significativas de desempenho dos animais nos diferentes períodos, refletidos nas curvas de aprendizado individuais que demonstraram alcance de platô para diferentes parâmetros comportamentais para cada animal. CONCLUSÃO: O reforço positivo se mostrou eficaz no treinamento para posicionamento na cadeira para primatas. Possivelmente, fatores individuais influenciaram de forma significativa os padrões de aprendizagem. A aplicação de técnicas de reforçamento positivo influencia positivamente a relação humano-primata e o bem-estar desses animais experimentais, apesar da necessidade de disposição de tempo para o alcance dos padrões comportamentais desejados, constituindo assim uma importante técnica de refinamento e manejo de primatas.
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