Biochar enriched with fertilizers has the potential to improve the quality of acid soils. In the agricultural sector, it was reported that the sap of <em>Kappapychus</em><em> alvarezii</em> (K-sap) is often used as a biofertilizer. Therefore, this study aimed to (i) examine the character of biochar enriched with the K-sap and (ii) analyze the soil quality after incubation. This study was carried out using two treatment factors arranged in a randomized block design, namely the biochar dose at 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% in weight and K-sap at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. Ten kilograms of acid soil were incubated with K-sap enriched biochar for up to 2 weeks in each experimental pot. The results showed that the absorption band increased with the K-sap concentration for the functional group associated with the OH-stretching of the biochar enriched with K-sap was stronger and wider than the unenriched. The peak elevation pattern detected by X-ray diffraction for all biochars was similar. The dosage of 7.5% biochar enriched with 5%-10% K-sap concentrations increased pH, EC, organic C, total N, C:N ratio, available P, and exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, and Si than those without treatment. Furthermore, ammonium and total spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi decreased, flagellates increased with and without the biochar, while the nitrate, total bacteria, and fungi of all treatments were similar. Based on these results, it was concluded that biochar enriched with K-sap could improve the quality of acid soil.
Earthworms have the ability to create new conditions in the soil environment and modulate the growth of beneficial soil microbial populations. Imperata releases exudate which creates less suitable soil conditions for growing food crops and horticulture. This study aims to: (i) study the effect of the concentration of cogongrass root extract on the abundance of earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores-(ii) to determine the effect of the soil-extract mixture engineered using earthworms on the upland rice growth for local Kambowa variety. The first experiment, extracts of cogongrass roots were made into five concentration levels, namely 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Each concentration was mixed with soil from cogongrass land in a different vermireactor. In reactor, earthworms were released that had emptied their stomach contents, and were allowed to manipulate the mixture until the vemicast covered part of the soil surface. As a result, the total earthworms in all reactors were relatively the same, and the total spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil treated with a concentration of 60% was the most. The second experiment, the upland rice seedlings were grown on engineered soils. The differences in height, leaf area, number of tillers, panicle length, and total spikelet’s per panicle were significantly, except for leaves number, wet weight, dry weight, and percentage of spikelet filled. In conclusion, earthworms as potential ecosystem engineers are utilized in ecological engineering of soil quality in land dominated by reeds vegetation for the development of upland rice cultivation areas, particularly the local varieties of Kambowa.
Southeast Sulawesi, which is located in the southeastern part of Sulawesi island, is one of the upland rice producers in Indonesia, although the cultivation in the area is still not optimal because the upland rice productivity is still considered low. Southeast Sulawesi has an extensive dry land area and local upland rice genotypes have good growth and yield potential. This study aimed to determine the differences in the growth of several local upland rice genotypes of Southeast Sulawesi which were cultivated in Kendari City. This paper is still focused on the vegetative growth of the genotypes tested. This research was carried out in Experiment Field 2, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, which is located in Kambu District, Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi. The research was conducted using a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 10 genotypes, namely Wagamba (V1), Wangkariri (V2), Momea (V3), Waburi-buri (V4), Konkep (V5), Bakala (V6), Wakawondu (V7), Tinangge (V8), Loiyo putih (V9) and Bombana (V10). Each treatment was repeated 3 times in order to obtain 30 experimental units. The results showed that potential genotypes that can be developed in Kendari City were Wakawondu genotype based on parameters of the number of tillers, plant height, and number of leaves, Wagamba genotype based on leaf width parameter, and Wangkariri genotype based on the flowering age and number of tiller parameter. Based on the overall performances, especially on the number of tillers (one of the most important parameters), in general Wakawondu is the most recommended genotype for further development.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh integrasi bio-invigorasi benih pratanam dan LEISA terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi gogo lokal. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Jati Bali Kecamatan Ranomeeto Barat Kabupaten Konawe Selatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara pada tahun 2016, menggunakan rancangan Split Plot dalam RAK (Rancangan Acak Kelompok) dengan pola faktorial yaitu faktor pertama bio-invigorasi benih pratanam (B) terdiri dari dua taraf yaitu kontrol (tanpa perlakuan bio-invigorasi) (B0) dan serbuk bata merah + Bacillus sp. CKD061 (B1). Faktor kedua LEISA (pupuk organik plus + pupuk anorganik) terdiri dari 6 taraf yaitu kontrol (G0), pupuk organik plus 5 ton ha-1 (G1), pupuk NPK 250 kg ha-1 (G2), pupuk organik plus 5 ton ha-1 + pupuk NPK 250 kg ha-1 (G3), pupuk organik plus 5 ton ha-1 + pupuk NPK 125 kg ha-1 (G4), pupuk organik plus 5 ton ha-1 + pupuk NPK 62,5 kg ha-1 (G5). Perlakuan yang diuji 12 kombinasi perlakuan yang diulang 3 kali sehingga terdapat 36 unit percobaan. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis dengan analisis ragam dan jika perlakuan berpengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT pada taraf kepercayaan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi perlakuan bio-invigorasi benih pratanam (serbuk bata merah + Bacillussp. CKD061) dan LEISA (pupuk organik plus 5 ton ha-1 + pupuk NPK 250 kg ha-1) berpengaruh nyata terhadap panjang malai, jumlah gabah per malai, persentase gabah hampa per malai, dan dapat meningkatkan produksi hingga 5,18 ton ha-1 yang sama dengan perlakuan serbuk bata merah + Bacillus sp. CKD061 dan pupuk organik plus dosis 5 ton ha-1 + pupuk NPK 125 kg ha-1 (B1G4) yaitu 5,13 ton ha-1 atau masing-masing meningkatkan produksi sebesar 70,96% dan 69,31% dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Secara mandiri bio-invigorasi benih pratanam (serbuk bata merah + Bacillus sp. CKD061) atau LEISA (pupuk organik + pupuk NPK) berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah anakan produktif, panjang malai, jumlah gabah per malai, persentase gabah hampa per malai, dan produksi padi gogo lokal. Kata Kunci : Rizobakteri,Bio-Invigorasi Benih, LEISA, Padi Gogo Lokal
The use of organic matter, which has a long-term impact, increases soil fertility because it contains residue. The research examines how rice straw mulch and organic fertilizer residue affect glutinous corn yield. This study was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture Field Laboratory, Halu Oleo University, from May to August 2022. This Experiment used a randomized block design with a split plot design. The main plot, i.e. residue of rice straw mulch (M): without the residue of rice straw mulch (M0), the residue of rice straw mulch 4 t ha-1 (M1), and 8 t ha-1 (M2). Subplot, i.e. residue of plus organic fertilizer (P): without the residue of plus organic fertilizer (P0), a residue of plus organic fertilizer 2,5 t ha-1 (P1), 5 t ha-1 (P2), and 7,5 t ha-1 (P3). The length of the cob measured without husk, fresh weight of the cob with husk and without husk, dry weight of the cob without husk, number of seeds per cob, seed weight per cob, the weight of 100 seeds, and yield. After conducting an ANOVA analysis of the data, proceed with DMRT at a significant level of 95% if the analysis yields a significant effect (Fhit> Ftab). The research results showed that rice straw mulch plus organic fertilizer residue significantly affected yield components and yield. The residue of rice straw mulch 8 t ha-1 (M2) and deposition of plus organic fertilizer 7,5 t ha-1 (P3) produce the highest glutinous corn yield, i.e. 2,38 t ha-1 and 2,34 t ha-1 or increasing 92% and 75% compared without treatment. For efficiency of costs and realizing sustainable agriculture, it is necessary to utilize residues of organic material in the cultivation of food crops.
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