Spin waves are ideal candidates for wave-based computing, but the construction of magnetic circuits is blocked by a lack of an efficient mechanism to excite long-running exchange spin waves with normalised amplitudes. Here, we solve the challenge by exploiting the deeply nonlinear phenomena of forward-volume spin waves in 200 nm wide nanoscale waveguides and validate our concept with microfocused Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy. An unprecedented nonlinear frequency shift of >2 GHz is achieved, corresponding to a magnetisation precession angle of 55° and enabling the excitation of exchange spin waves with a wavelength of down to ten nanometres with an efficiency of >80%. The amplitude of the excited spin waves is constant and independent of the input microwave power due to the self-locking nonlinear shift, enabling robust adjustment of the spin wave amplitudes in future on-chip magnonic integrated circuits.
Performing propagating spin-wave spectroscopy of thin films at millikelvin temperatures is the next step toward the realization of large-scale integrated magnonic circuits for quantum applications. Here, we demonstrate spin-wave propagation in a [Formula: see text]-thick yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) film at temperatures down to [Formula: see text], using stripline nanoantennas deposited on YIG surface for electrical excitation and detection. The clear transmission characteristics over the distance of [Formula: see text] are measured and the extracted spin-wave group velocity and the YIG saturation magnetization agree well with the theoretical values. We show that the gadolinium-gallium-garnet (GGG) substrate influences the spin-wave propagation characteristics only for the applied magnetic fields beyond [Formula: see text], originating from a GGG magnetization up to [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text]. Our results show that the developed fabrication and measurement methodologies enable the realization of integrated magnonic quantum nanotechnologies at millikelvin temperatures.
Spin waves are studied intensively for their intriguing properties and potential use in future technology platforms for the transfer and processing of information and microwave signals. The characterization of devices and materials for magnonic systems is time-consuming, and thus, the development of instruments that can speed up the collection and analysis of spin-wave data is crucial. In this Letter, we report a straightforward approach to enhance the measurement throughput by fully exploiting the wideband detection nature of the Brillouin light scattering technique with a white-noise RF generator.
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