New transiting planet candidates are identified in 16 months (2009 May-2010 of data from the Kepler spacecraft. Nearly 5000 periodic transit-like signals are vetted against astrophysical and instrumental false positives yielding 1108 viable new planet candidates, bringing the total count up to over 2300. Improved vetting metrics are employed, contributing to higher catalog reliability. Most notable is the noise-weighted robust averaging of multiquarter photo-center offsets derived from difference image analysis that identifies likely background eclipsing binaries. Twenty-two months of photometry are used for the purpose of characterizing each of the candidates. Ephemerides (transit epoch, T 0 , and orbital period, P) are tabulated as well as the products of light curve modeling: reduced radius (R P /R ), reduced semimajor axis (d/R ), and impact parameter (b). The largest fractional increases are seen for the smallest planet candidates (201% for candidates smaller than 2 R ⊕ compared to 53% for candidates larger than 2 R ⊕ ) and those at longer orbital periods (124% for candidates outside of 50 day orbits versus 86% for candidates inside of 50 day orbits). The gains are larger than expected from increasing the observing window from 13 months (Quarters 1-5) to 16 months (Quarters 1-6) even in regions of parameter space where one would have expected the previous catalogs to be complete. Analyses of planet frequencies based on previous catalogs will be affected by such incompleteness. The fraction of all planet candidate host stars with multiple candidates has grown from 17% to 20%, and the paucity of short-period giant planets in multiple systems is still evident. The progression 1The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 204:24 (21pp), 2013 February Batalha et al. toward smaller planets at longer orbital periods with each new catalog release suggests that Earth-size planets in the habitable zone are forthcoming if, indeed, such planets are abundant.

When the core hydrogen is exhausted during stellar evolution, the central region of a star contracts and the outer envelope expands and cools, giving rise to a red giant. Convection takes place over much of the star's radius. Conservation of angular momentum requires that the cores of these stars rotate faster than their envelopes; indirect evidence supports this 1,2 . Information about the angular-momentum distribution is inaccessible to direct observations, but it can be extracted from the effect of rotation on oscillation modes that probe the stellar interior. Here we report an increasing rotation rate from the surface of the star to the stellar core in the interiors of red giants, obtained using the rotational frequency splitting of recently detected 'mixed modes' 3,4 . By comparison with theoretical stellar models, we conclude that the core must rotate at least ten times faster than the surface. This observational result confirms the theoretical prediction of a steep gradient in the rotation profile towards the deep stellar interior 1,5,6 .The asteroseismic approach to studying stellar interiors exploits information from oscillation modes of different radial order n and angular degree l, which propagate in cavities extending at different depths 7 . Stellar rotation lifts the degeneracy of non-radial modes, producing a multiplet of (2l 1 1) frequency peaks in the power spectrum for each mode. The frequency separation between two mode components of a multiplet is related to the angular velocity and to the properties of the mode in its propagation region. More information on the exploitation of rotational splitting of modes may be found in the Supplementary Information. An important new tool comes from mixed modes that were recently identified in red giants 3,4 . Stochastically excited solar-like oscillations in evolved G and K giant stars 8 have been well studied in terms of theory [9][10][11][12] , and the main results are consistent with recent observations from space-based photometry 13,14 . Whereas pressure modes are completely trapped in the outer acoustic cavity, mixed modes also probe the central regions and carry additional information from the core region, which is probed by gravity modes. Mixed dipole modes (l 5 1) appear in the Fourier power spectrum as dense clusters of modes around those that are best trapped in the acoustic cavity. These clusters, the components of which contain varying amounts of influence from pressure and gravity modes, are referred to as 'dipole forests'.We present the Fourier spectra of the brightness variations of stars KIC 8366239 (Fig. 1a), KIC 5356201 ( Supplementary Fig. 3a) and KIC 12008916 ( Supplementary Fig. 5a), derived from observations with the Kepler spacecraft. The three spectra show split modes, the spherical degree of which we identify as l 5 1. These detected multiplets cannot have been caused by finite mode lifetime effects from mode damping, because that would not lead to a consistent multiplet appearance over several orders such as that shown in Fig. 1. ...

We studied solar-like oscillations in 115 red giants in the three open clusters NGC 6791, NGC 6811, and NGC 6819, based on photometric data covering more than 19 months with NASA's Kepler space telescope. We present the asteroseismic diagrams of the asymptotic parameters δν 02 , δν 01 and , which show clear correlation with fundamental stellar parameters such as mass and radius. When the stellar populations from the clusters are compared, we see evidence for a difference in mass of the red giant branch stars, and possibly a difference in structure of the red clump stars, from our measurements of the small separations δν 02 and δν 01 . Ensembleéchelle diagrams and upper limits to the linewidths of = 0 modes as a function of ∆ν of the clusters NGC 6791 and NGC 6819 are also shown, together with the correlation between the = 0 ridge width and the T eff of the stars. Lastly, we distinguish between red giant branch and red clump stars through the measurement of the period spacing of mixed dipole modes in 53 stars among all the three clusters to verify the stellar classification from the color-magnitude diagram. These seismic results also allow us to identify a number of special cases, including evolved blue stragglers and binaries, as well as stars in late He-core burning phases, which can be potentially interesting targets for detailed theoretical modeling.

We have discovered a class of eccentric binary systems within the Kepler data archive that have dynamic tidal distortions and tidally-induced pulsations. Each has a uniquely shaped light curve that is characterized by periodic brightening or variability at time scales of 4-20 days, frequently accompanied by shorter period oscillations. We can explain the dominant features of the entire class with orbitally-varying tidal forces that occur in close, eccentric binary systems. The large variety of light curve shapes arises from viewing systems at different angles. This hypothesis is supported by spectroscopic radial velocity measurements for five systems, each showing evidence of being in an eccentric binary system. Prior to the discovery of these 17 new systems, only four stars, where KOI-54 is the best example, were known to have evidence of these dynamic tides and tidally-induced oscillations. We perform preliminary fits to the light curves and radial velocity data, present the overall properties of this class and discuss the work required to accurately model these systems.