BackgroundPericardial effusion is observed in the majority of viral pericarditis cases; however, viral pericarditis accompanied by a large effusion resulting in cardiac tamponade is rare.Case presentationHere, we report the case of a 75-year-old hemodialysis patient with acute viral pericarditis complicated by aortic stenosis. The patient was referred with a diagnosis of aortic stenosis and pericardial effusion. The pericardial effusion had increased during the preoperative examinations, and the inflammatory reaction had progressed. We decided to abort the surgical intervention and start oral administration of anti-inflammatory agents. We subsequently performed a pericardiocentesis. High antibody titers to coxsackievirus were noted in the pericardial effusion. Since no recurrence of the pericardial effusion was observed, the patient underwent an aortic valve replacement 2 months later. The pericardium completely adhered to the heart. Pathological examination of the pericardium showed fibrous pericarditis without active inflammation.ConclusionsHere, we successfully treated a hemodialysis case with severe aortic stenosis complicated by cardiac tamponade and worsened by acute viral pericarditis. We waited for the pericarditis to resolve after administering anti-inflammatory agents and performed pericardial drainage before carrying out aortic valve replacement. The perioperative course of our case was unique and suggestive.
Rational: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) intravesical instillation therapy is a widely used treatment for bladder cancer; however, an infectious aneurysm has been reported as a rare complication. Patient concerns: A 76-year-old man who underwent BCG intravesical instillation therapy for bladder cancer presented with prolonged dull back pain for 3 months. Diagnosis: Computed tomography (CT) revealed both thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Follow-up CT at 4 weeks after the initial examination showed rapid enlargement of both aneurysms and typical findings of inflammation. Therefore, he was diagnosed with an impending rupture of infectious aneurysms. Interventions: Although open surgical resection of both aneurysms and vascular reconstruction were ideal, these operations were considered highly invasive for the patient. Therefore, a hybrid operation consisting of simultaneous endovascular repair of the thoracic aneurysm and open surgery of the abdominal lesion was performed. Outcomes: BCG “Tokyo-172” strain was identified in the resected sample from the aneurysmal wall, and he continued to receive oral antituberculosis drugs for 6 months. No sign of recurrent infection was observed 1 year after the operation. Lessons: A hybrid operation might be justified as an alternative to the conventional open surgical procedure, especially for patients with infectious aneurysms caused by weak pathogenic bacteria such as, the BCG mycobacteria.
─ 24 ─ I. Introduction Despite the widespread use and superior patency of the arterial graft for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the saphenous vein (SV) continues to be the most commonly used graft. The SVs, however, sometimes have anatomical problems such as varicose veins, small or large diameter, and duplication. Ultrasonography has been the main modality for preoperative SV evaluation because of its simplicity and low invasiveness 1) ; however, it has drawbacks, such as a lack of objectiveness, poor reproducibility, and difficulty in capturing the entire image of SV. Meanwhile, computed tomography (CT) can clearly visualize the SV without contrast. Although CT is performed as a standard preoperative examination for CABG in Japan, it is only used for evaluating the thoracoabdominal area in most facilities. To evaluate graft suitability of the SV preoperatively, we extended the CT scanning range to the lower extremities. The present study was conducted to clarify the usefulness of CT in the preoperative evaluation of the SV and to elucidate the incidence of an inadequate SV as a graft. II. Materials and methods From October 2017 to February 2019, preoperative noncontrast three-dimensional (3D) CT of the lower extremities was performed in 54 patients undergoing CABG. CT examinations were performed using a 320-multidetector CT system (Aquilion 1 ; Canon Medical Systems Corp., Otawara, Japan) or a 128-multidetector CT system (Somatom Definition Flash ; Siemens Medical Solutions, Forchheim, Germany). All thin-section axial images were reconstructed with the volume-rendering method using a Synapse Vincent workstation (Fujifilm Medical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). The CT scanning range was extended to the lower extremities in addition to the contrast enhanced thoracoabdominal CT which performed as a standard preoperative examination, thoracoabdominal area was contrasted and the pelvis to the ankles was noncontrast. The patient was in the supine position and legs mildly supinated. Imaging took approximately 5
A 27-year-old woman with sudden back pain was transported to our hospital. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed pregnancy of 28 weeks’ gestation. Computed tomography demonstrated a type A aortic dissection. Because of progressive fetal deterioration, an emergency cesarean section was forced to perform. The next day, simple hysterectomy followed by an aortic procedure was completed. Valve-sparing aortic replacement and total arch replacement were employed as central operations. The mother and baby are well 9 months postoperatively. Although the strategy for acute type A aortic dissection during pregnancy is controversial, collaborations among neonatologists, obstetricians, and cardiovascular surgeons can ensure mother and infant survival.
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