Based on this short pilot study, topical dexamethasone-cyclodextrin eye drops are well tolerated, decrease central macular thickness, and improve visual acuity in DME. The results encourage comparative studies between dexamethasone cyclodextrin microparticle eye drops and other treatments for DME. (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr number, UMIN000001790.).

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To compare in a randomized, controlled trial topical 1.5% dexamethasone c-cyclodextrin nanoparticle eye drops (DexNP) with posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide in diabetic macular oedema (DME). Methods: In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, 22 eyes of 22 consecutive patients with DME were randomized to (i) topical treatment with DexNP 33/day (4 weeks), 32/day (4 weeks) and 31/day (4 weeks) or (ii) one posterior subtenon injection of 20 mg triamcinolone acetonide. Study visits were at baseline and 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks. Results: The logMAR (Snellen) visual acuity (mean AE SD) improved significantly with DexNP from 0.41 AE 0.3 (Snellen 0.39) to 0.32 AE 0.25 (0.48) and 0.30 AE 0.26 (0.50) at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. One-third of the DexNP group improved more than 0.3 logMAR units. For triamcinolone, logMAR changed significantly from 0.42 AE 0.28 (0.38) at baseline to 0.32 AE 0.29 (0.48) at 4w and 0.33 AE 0.37 (0.47) at 12w. The central macular thickness (CMT) decreased significantly with DexNP from 483 AE 141 lm to 384 AE 142 lm at 4w and 342 AE 114 lm at 8w. For triamcinolone, CMT decreased significantly at all time-points: 494 AE 94 lm, 388 AE 120, 388 AE 145, 390 AE 136 and 411 AE 104 lm at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks, respectively. There was a modest increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) at all time-points with DexNP while no increase was seen with triamcinolone. Serum cortisol was affected by both treatments. Conclusion: Topical DexNP significantly improve visual acuity and decrease macular thickness in patients with DME. The effect is similar to that from subtenon triamcinolone. A modest increase in IOP was seen with the nanoparticle eye drops, but IOP normalized after the discontinuation of treatment.

All the 560 glaucomatous eyes of 375 Japanese subjects (181 men, 194 women; mean age ± standard deviation, 76.0 ± 13.2 years) who underwent microhook ab interno trabeculotomy (µLOT) alone (159 eyes, 28%) or combined µLOT and cataract surgery (401 eyes, 72%) performed by one surgeon at Matsue Red Cross Hospital between May 2015 and March 2018 to control intraocular pressure (IOP) were retrospectively assessed. Preoperative and postoperative IOPs, numbers of antiglaucoma medications, the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity (logMAR VA), anterior chamber (AC) flare, visual field mean deviation (MD), and corneal endothelial cell density (CECD) were compared up to 36 months. Surgical complications and required interventions were described. The duration of the follow-up was 405 ± 327 (range, 2–1326) days. The mean preoperative IOP (20.2 ± 7.0 mmHg) and number of antiglaucoma medications (2.8 ± 1.1) decreased to 13.9 ± 4.5 mmHg (31% reduction, p < 0.0001) and 2.5 ± 1.0 (11% reduction, p < 0.0001), respectively, at the final visit. After combined surgery, compared with preoperatively, the final VA improved 0.11 logMAR (p < 0.0001), AC flare increased 4.5 photon counts/msec (p = 0.0011), MD improved 0.6 decibel (p < 0.0001), and the CECD decreased 6% (p < 0.0001). Layered hyphema (172 eyes, 31%) and hyphema washout (26 eyes, 5%) were the most common postoperative complication and intervention, respectively. At the final visit, 379 (69%) eyes achieved successful IOP control of ≤18 mmHg and ≥20% IOP reduction, and 349 (64%) eyes achieved successful IOP control of ≤15 mmHg and ≥20% IOP reduction. Older age, steroid-induced glaucoma, developmental glaucoma, and the absence of postoperative complications were associated with lower final IOP; exfoliation glaucoma, other types of glaucoma, and higher preoperative IOP were associated with higher final IOP. µLOT has a significant IOP-lowering potential in patients with glaucoma, and improves visual function when combined with cataract surgery.

Two krypton‐chloride germicidal excimer lamp units (Care222 TRT‐104C11‐UI‐U3, USHIO Inc.) were installed in the examination room of an ophthalmology department. The irradiation dose was set not to exceed the former (i.e., before 2022) threshold limit value (TLV) (22 mJ cm−2/8 h) recommended by the ACGIH. Section 1: The eyes and lids of the six ophthalmologists (5 wore glasses for myopic correction) who worked in the room for a mean stay of 6.7 h week−1 were prospectively observed for 12 months. Slitlamp examinations revealed neither acute adverse events such as corneal erosion, conjunctival hyperemia, and lid skin erythema nor chronic adverse events such as pterygium, cataract, or lid tumor. The visual acuity, refractive error, and corneal endothelial cell density remained unchanged during the study. Section 2: The irradiation of samples placed on the table or floor using the same fixtures in the room (5–7.5 mJ cm−2) was associated with >99% inhibition of φX174 phage and >90% inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, no acute or chronic health effects in human participants was observed in a clinical setting of full‐room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation by 222‐nm lamp units, and high efficacy in deactivation of microorganisms was determined in the same setting.

Background To elucidate the possible effect of various systemic factors on intraocular pressure (IOP) using a dataset from a health examination program database in Japan. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1569 subjects selected from the 2287 subjects who comprised the database. Various systemic parameters including age, sex, height, body weight, waist circumference, percent body fat, blood pressure (BP), pulse rate, body mass index, 28 blood examination values, intimal medial thicknesses of both carotid arteries, and intraocular pressure (IOP) values measured by non-contact tonometry in both eyes were collected. The possible correlation between the IOP and other parameters was assessed initially by univariate analyses followed by multivariate analyses. Results Stepwise multivariate analyses, which included all parameters extracted by the univariate analyses (p<0.1) and sex, identified the same six parameters as indicators of the IOP values for each right and left IOP model. Among the parameters, age (r =-0.05 and-0.04/year for right and left IOPs, respectively) was associated negatively and the percent body fat (r = 0.06 and 0.05/%), systolic BP (r = 0.02 and 0.03/mmHg), pulse rate (r = 0.03 and 0.03/ counts/minutes), albumin (r = 1.12 and 1.00/g/dL), and hemoglobin A1c (r = 0.38 and 0.44/ %) were associated positively with the IOP in each eye. Conclusions Older age was associated with low IOP, while factors reflecting the metabolic syndrome were associated with high IOP in our study population.