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Platelets promote LSEC proliferation and induce IL-6 and VEGF production. Direct contact between the platelets and LSECs and S1P, that are contained in platelets, were involved in the excretion of IL-6 from LSECs. IL-6 from LSECs induced proliferation of parenchymal hepatocytes.

After hepatectomy, liver regeneration in the Kupffer cell depleted group was delayed because of lower TNF-alpha expression. Platelets promote liver regeneration even under condition of Kupffer cell depletion by stimulating hepatocyte growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 expression, and they activate Akt.

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