Germinação e vigor de sementes de (25,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) 30 (25, 20-30, 30 and 35°C)

Sementes de soja submetidas à rápida hidratação podem sofrer danos por embebição, cuja intensidade depende do cultivar e do teor de água inicial das sementes. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar alterações fisiológicas determinadas por métodos de pré-hidratação para minimização do dano por embebição. Foram utilizados três lotes de cada cultivar de soja, de tamanho uniforme, CD 202 e CD 215, caracterizados quanto ao teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica e emergência de plântulas em campo. Os teores de água das sementes foram ajustados para 7,5; 10,5 e 13,5%. A seguir, as sementes foram submetidas a tratamentos de pré-hidratação em atmosfera saturada e em substrato umedecido, por quatro e seis horas e, posteriormente, avaliadas pelos testes de condutividade elétrica após 24 horas, germinação e emergência de plântulas em campo. Os tratamentos de pré-hidratação em atmosfera saturada e substrato umedecido, por quatro e seis horas mostraram-se eficientes na diminuição de danos causados às sementes com baixo teor de água, sendo mais expressivo nas sementes de cultivar CD 202. No entanto, a pré-hidratação em substrato umedecido por seis horas foi o mais eficiente para os dois genótipos, ao proporcionar menor quantidade de solutos lixiviados, tendo em vista o menor valor obtido pelo teste de condutividade elétricaz e promover melhor desempenho das sementes nos testes de germinação e de emergência de plântulas em campo.

Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de diferentes árvores matrizes dePoincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz ABSTRACT -Known locally as 'catingueira', Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz is an arboreal species endemic to the Caatinga which is extensively exploited for its timber, forage and pharmacological potential. Given the relevance of this importance, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds among parent trees of P. pyramidalis using physiological tests, for the purposes of environmental restoration. The field study was carried out at the Fazenda Açude Farm, in the town of Soledad, Paraíba, Brazil, where 28 parent catingueira trees were selected. The analyses were done at the Laboratory for Seed Analysis, in the Centre for Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Paraíba. The following variables were evaluated: water content, thousand seed weight, number of seeds per kilogram, germination, vigor {first count and rate of germination index, seedling length and dry weight, emergence, emergence rate index and emergence first count, accelerated aging (traditional procedure and saturated NaCl solution)}. The experimental design was completely randomized, with the data undergoing variance analysis and the comparison of averages using the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Based on the results, the physiological quality of Poincianella pyramidalis seeds varies even when coming from trees in the same area, the accelerated aging test as used in the traditional method, for a period of 24 hours and at a temperature of 41 °C, is shown to be the most efficient means of testing vigour when evaluating the physiological potential of the seeds of P. Pyramidalis.

No abstract

-The Leguminosae family is one of the most representative botanical families of the Caatinga, with 80 endemic species, highlighting the catingueira (Poincianella pyramidalis). The objective of this research work was to study the maturation process of P. pyramidalis seeds based on the physiological maturity. Five harvest of fruits and seeds were carried out, with 15 days interval each, in a period from July to September 2010. The harvests began 75 days after anthesis (d.a.a.) and lasted until 135 d.a.a. Fruits and seeds were subjected to the following assessments: size, moisture content, and dry mass of fruits and seeds; and germination and vigor of seeds (first count of germination, germination speed index, length and dry mass of seedling). Under the environmental conditions of municipality of Soledade, State of Paraiba, Northeast Brazil, the point of physiological maturity of P. pyramidalis seeds occurs at 125 d.a.a., when the maximum accumulation of dry mass is 1.993 g and moisture content is 21%. The ideal point of harvest is between 130 d.a.a and 135 d.a.a., before natural dehiscence, when the moisture content of seeds is between 13.0% and 5.0%.