In the recent decades, privacy scholarship has made significant progress. Most of it was achieved in monodisciplinary works. However, privacy has a deeply interdisciplinary nature. Most importantly, societies as well as individuals experience privacy as being influenced by legal, technical, and social norms and structures. In this article, we hence attempt to connect insights of different academic disciplines into a joint model, an Interdisciplinary Privacy and Communication Model. The model differentiates four different elements: communication context, protection needs, threat and risk analysis, as well as protection enforcement. On the one hand, with this model, we aim to describe how privacy unfolds. On the other hand, the model also prescribes how privacy can be furnished and regulated. As such, the model contributes to a general understanding of privacy as a theoretical guide and offers a practical basis to address new challenges of the digital age.

According to the privacy calculus, both privacy concerns and expected gratifications explain self-disclosure online. So far, however, most findings were based on self-reports, and little is known about whether the privacy calculus can be used to explain observations of actual behavior. Likewise, we still know little as to whether the privacy calculus is influenced by the design of online websites, including for example popularity cues such as like and dislike buttons. To answer these questions, we ran a preregistered one-week field experiment. Participants were randomly distributed to three different websites, on which they discussed a current political topic. The websites featured either (a) like buttons, (b) like and dislike button, or (c) no like/dislike buttons, and were otherwise identical. The final sample consisted of 590 participants. Although the originally preregistered model was rejected, the results showed that a considerable share of actual self-disclosure could be explained by privacy concerns, gratifications, privacy deliberation, trust, and self-efficacy. The impact of the popularity cues on self-disclosure and the privacy calculus was negligible.

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Web tracking has seen a remarkable usage increase during the last years. Unfortunately, an overview of how web tracking evolved within the last˜15 years is missing. In this paper we present a retrospective analysis using archived data to quantify the usage and distribution of web tracking and how it changed throughout the last decade. We identify a more than five fold increase in external requests between 2005 and 2014. About half of the analyzed websites have a web tracking based inclusion today (2015). As web tracking is often associated with a risk of privacy loss, we also outline the security implications of monopolized ubiquitous tracking.

Es wird ein Referenzmodell ontologisch sinnvoll organisierter Begriffe der IT-Sicherheit vorgestellt und gezeigt, wie dieses eine Begründung zur systematischen Durchführung von IT-Sicherheitsanalysen liefert. Das Referenzmodell besteht aus vier Ebenen: erstens die vorhandene Welt aus Gütern und Interessenkonflikten mit den bestehenden Systemen und ihren Schwachstellen; zweitens das Potenzial aus Bedrohungen und Sicherheitsanforderungen; drittens das planvolle Vorgehen mit Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zum Schutz von Geschäftszielen; und viertens die aktuellen Ereignisse aus Angriffen, Unfällen und Abwehroperationen. Das Referenzmodell wird in bestehende Verfahren der Sicherheitsanalyse eingeordnet und anhand des Beispiels Online-Banking erläutert