The biodiversity in agricultural landscapes depends on land-use types, natural elements, and farming intensity. The Brazilian Cerrado is a biodiversity hotspot, however, the native vegetation loss rates have increased in the last years, leading several plant species to extinction risk. Here, we analyze the effects of local (soil fertility and litter amount) and landscape variables (patch shape, habitat amount, compositional heterogeneity, matrix dominance and connectivity) on alpha species richness and diversity, and basal area of different Cerrado vegetation types (savanna, forested savanna, and forest) using linear models and Akaike information criterion. We calculated landscape metrics at different spatial scales for 49 sampling sites in intensive farming landscapes. Woody plant diversity and richness were positively related to soil fertility and landscape compositional heterogeneity at 1500 m spatial scale. Plant richness was negatively related to the patch shape of remnants at 1000 m spatial scale. The effects of litter amount to explain the basal area varied between vegetation types.We found a positive effect in savanna and forested savanna and a negative effect in forest areas. Our findings suggest that the increase of monocultures lead to a decline on plant diversity in the studied landscapes. Also, local variables and the diversity of vegetation types need to be considered to design restoration actions in Cerrado.Sustainable intensification and biodiversity-friendly production systems may be alternatives to increase compositional heterogeneity, thus favoring plant diversity in Cerrado farming landscapes.
RESUMOA acelerada fragmentação das florestas estacionais é a uma das maiores ameaças à biodiversidade. Existem vários efeitos da fragmentação, tais como os efeitos de borda, que impedem ou reduzem a taxa de migração entre fragmentos, diminuição do tamanho populacional efetivo com consequente perda de variabilidade genética e invasão de espécies exóticas, contribuem para a deterioração de uma paisagem composta por fragmentos florestais. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo verificar quais são as espécies florestais mais comuns em áreas de borda e interior de um fragmento florestal. Realizou-se um estudo das variações da dinâmica e estrutural da comunidade arbórea em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecídual no Bosque Auguste Saint-Hilaire, no campus da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Foram delimitadas parcelas de 20 x 20m amostradas em 18 parcelas para proceder à amostragem de todos os indivíduos com DAP ≥ 15 cm. As relações entre distribuição das abundâncias das espécies e as variáveis ambientais nas parcelas foram avaliadas por análise de correspondência canônica (CCA). A listagem florística registrou 61 espécies. A vegetação da borda de um fragmento florestal geralmente apresenta menor riqueza de espécies, menor porte, menor permeabilidade, menor diâmetro médio das espécies arbóreas do que as espécies encontradas no interior do fragmento além de se tornarem mais frequentes as espécies heliófitas. PALAVRA-CHAVE:Riqueza de espécies, fitossociologia, indivíduos, fragmentação.
The Cerrado biome presents different physiognomies distributed throughout several Brazilian states. Studies related to species distribution as direct environmental factors may subsidize forest restoration projects. The objective of this study wasto evaluate ecological and structural differences and determine the species distribution based on soil factors in two physiognomies types of Cerrado. Data sampling was conducted in the area of influence of the sugar cane industry in southwest of Goiás, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in those plots and analyzed chemically and psysically. The results of the soil characteristics were useful to verify if the species distribution correlate with soil patterns through canonical components analysis (CCA).The structural aspects were higher in the plots identified as seasonal forest. Although the Ecological aspects, such as species diversity, were higher in the cerradão. The CCA showed a positive correlation between the tree species distribution with physicochemical characteristics of soil. The analysis showed a positive correlation between the distribution of tree species and the physicochemical characteristics of the soil. A group of species was related to higher fertility in the soil and clay content. Another group was correlated with low fertility and higher sand content soils.
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