Bacteria play an important role in soil ecosystems and their activities are crucial in nutrient composition and recycling. Pesticides are extensively used in agriculture to control pests and improve yield. However, increased use of pesticides on agricultural lands results in soil contamination, which could have adverse effect on its bacterial communities. Here, we investigated the effect of pesticides commonly used on irrigated rice fields on bacterial abundance and diversity. Irrigated soil samples collected from unexposed, pesticide-exposed, and residual exposure areas were cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. DNA was extracted and analysed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed overall decrease in bacterial abundance and diversity in areas exposed to pesticides. Operational taxonomic units of the genera Enterobacter, Aeromonas, Comamonas, Stenotrophomonas, Bordetella, and Staphylococcus decreased in areas exposed to pesticides. Conversely, Domibacillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus increased in abundance in pesticide-exposed areas. Simpson and Shannon diversity indices and canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated a decrease in bacterial diversity and composition in areas exposed to pesticides. These results suggest bacteria genera unaffected by pesticides that could be further evaluated to identify species for bioremediation. Moreover, there is a need for alternative ways of improving agricultural productivity and to educate farmers to adopt innovative integrated pest management strategies to reduce deleterious impacts of pesticides on soil ecosystems.
Résumé -Introduction : Les manifestations buccales de l'infection à VIH sont fréquentes et variées. Elles constituent souvent les premières manifestations cliniques de l'infection à VIH. Objectifs : Les objectifs étaient de déterminer la prévalence des affections buccales, les habitudes d'hygiène bucco-dentaires et de dégager les caractéristiques épidémiocliniques de ces affections chez les PVVIH. Méthodologie : Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective, transversale et descriptive basée sur l'observation des lésions bucco-dentaires chez les PVVIH/sida. Résultats : Sur un total de 72 patients, le sexe féminin était majoritaire (66,7 %) et l'âge moyen était de 40 ans. Le type 1 du VIH a été le plus représenté (97,2 %). L'indice de plaque moyen était compris entre 0,1-0,9 (68,1 %), égale à 0 (22,2 %). Près de 80 % des patients avaient un taux de CD4 en dessous de 500 cellules/mm 3 et 86 % des patients étaient sous antirétroviraux. L'indice CAO/D était de 10,17. La fréquence des affections bucco-dentaires était de 87,5 %. Les lésions de la muqueuse buccale étaient majoritaires (71 %), et dominées par les candidoses (52,8 %). Conclusion : Les affections bucco-dentaires sont fréquentes chez les PVVIH/SIDA. La prise en charge médicale des PVVIH/SIDA doit intégrer l'examen systématique de la cavité buccale. Abstract -Oral manifestations associated with HIV infection in the Infectious
Résumé -Objectif :Cette étude avait pour objectif de décrire les aspects sociodémographiques, cliniques, anatomopathologiques et thérapeutiques, des patients présentant un améloblastome mandibulaire, au centre hospitalier universitaire d'odontostomatologie (CHU OS) de Bamako, au Mali. Matériels et méthode : Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective sur une période de trois ans (de janvier 2011 à décembre 2013), sur des cas successifs d'améloblastome mandibulaire, confirmés par un examen clinique, radiologique et anatomopathologique. Les données ont été recueillies à partir des dossiers médicaux, saisies et analysées avec le logiciel SPSS version 3.22. Résultats : Les lésions tumorales ont concerné 25 hommes et 26 femmes avec un sex-ratio de 0,94. Le motif de consultation le plus fréquent a été la tuméfaction osseuse dans 90,20 % des cas. La localisation anatomique la plus fréquente a été l'hémimandibule gauche dans 47,06 % des cas, et la zone de prédilection a été la branche horizontale mandibulaire dans 37,26 % des cas. La chirurgie conservatrice a été réalisée chez 56,86 % des patients et la chirurgie radicale dans 43,14 % des cas. La récidive primaire a concerné 11,77 % des patients. Conclusion : Cette étude montre une fréquence élevée de l'améloblastome mandibulaire, chez les patients consultant au service de chirurgie buccale du CHU OS à Bamako, au Mali, mais peu de récidives.Abstract -Ameloblastoma: a study of 51 cases. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the socialdemographic, clinical, pathological and therapeutic aspects of patients with mandibular ameloblastoma in the Odonto-Stomatology Teaching Hospital (CHU OS) in Bamako, Mali. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study over a three-year period (from January 2011 to December 2013), on successive cases of mandibular ameloblastoma. Clinical, radiological and pathological data were collected from medical records, entered and analyzed with SPSS software. Results: The tumor lesions involved 25 men and 26 women with a sex ratio of 0.94. The most frequent reason for consultation was bone swelling, in 90.20% of cases. The left hemimandible was the most frequent anatomical location in 47.06% of cases, and the area of predilection was the mandibular horizontal branch in 37.26% of cases. Conservative surgery was performed in 56.86% of cases and radical surgery in 43.14% of cases. Primary recurrence occurred in 11.77% of cases. Conclusion: This study shows a high incidence of mandibular ameloblastoma among patients attending the CHU OS in Bamako, Mali, but a low recurrence.
Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the etiological profile of patients with cervical lymphadenopathy in relation to tuberculosis in our practice Odonto-stomatologique.Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study over a period of four years at the University Hospital of Stomatology Odonto (CHU OS) Bamako. The successive cases of cervical lymphadenopathy of tuberculous origin confirmed by skin test (TST) to tuberculin 10 units or lymph node biopsy for histological referred. Data were collected from medical records and entered and analyzed with the software Epiinfo.fr 6.0Results: The lesions involved 82 patients including 37 men (45.1%) with a sex ratio of 1.21. The age group most represented was that of 20 and 29 years (28%). The anatomic region was privileged bilateral cervical (57.30%).Our patients underwent chest radiography in 90.20% of cases. The IDR was performed in 72% of patients and tuberculous lymphadenitis and follicular caseo was found in 8.50% of cases.Conclusion: Our study revealed a prevalence of 0.31% of cervical-facial adenopathies of which 80.50% was tuberculous. In the case of tuberculous endemic tuberculous adenopathy, an IDRT and anatomopathological examination of the lymph node biopsy should be systematic for the early management of tuberculosis
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