The behaviour of metal transfer and arc stiffness understood in terms of arc pressure (P a ) of pulsed current gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW) using mild steel filler wire have been studied with respect to change in pulse parameters under different gas shieldings of Arϩ2%CO 2 and Arϩ18%CO 2 . The arc environment revealing the droplet transfer from electrode to weld pool in bead on plate weld deposition has been studied by high speed video graphy. Effect of pulse parameters has been considered by their hypothetically proposed summarized influence defined by a dimensionless factor f, mean current (I m ) and arc voltage. The droplet diameter and velocity of droplet at the time of detachment are found to vary significantly with the variation of f. At a given f the experimentally measured behaviour of metal transfer is found well in agreement to their corresponding theoretical estimates. The average droplet diameter transferred per pulse predominantly reduces but, the velocity of metal transfer at the time of detachment enhances with the increase of f under both the shielding gases. In general a higher values of f, I m and arc voltage enhances the P a depending upon type of gas shielding. The use of Arϩ2%CO 2 shielding gas reduces the droplet diameter and enhances the arc pressure than that observed under Arϩ18%CO 2 gas shielding.
The variation of arc characteristics with respect to its profile under Arϩ2%CO 2 , Arϩ18%CO 2 and argon gas shielding and the stability of gas shielding with variation in pulse parameters have been studied by video-graphy of arc environment during P-GMA weld deposition using mild steel filler wire. The effect of pulse parameters has been studied by considering their hypothetically proposed summarized influence defined by a dimensionless factor, fϭ[(I b /I p )ft b ], mean current and arc voltage. The measured root diameter, projected diameter and length have been measured and correlated to the P-GMA welding parameters under different gas shielding. It has been observed that the arc characteristics with respect to its shape and spreading over the weld significantly vary with f, mean current and arc voltage giving due consideration to the shielding environment. The use of Arϩ2%CO 2 gas shielding appreciably reduces the D R but enhances the D P and L with respect to that observed under Arϩ18%CO 2 and argon gas shielding.
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