Since the pioneering work of Goodenough and co-workers, [ 1 ] olivine-structured lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) has been extensively studied as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for on-board energy storage in electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), [ 2 ] as well as for stationary energy storage for wind and solar energy. [ 3 ] These studies originate from its numerous appealing advantages, such as intrinsic thermal stability, environmental benignity, low cost, and high theoretical capacity (170 mA h g − 1 ). [ 4 ] However, its insulating nature and sluggish kinetics of both electron and lithium-ion transport seriously limit its high-rate and lowtemperature properties, which are precisely the requirements for these types of applications. [ 5 ] In the past decade, tremendous efforts have been made to improve its electrochemical performance by decreasing the size of the primary particles, [ 6 ] coating with electronically conductive materials, [ 4c , 7 ] doping with foreign atoms, [ 5b , 8 ] and, recently, by constructing a three-dimensional conducting network [ 9 ] and coating with poorly crystallized pyrophosphate. [ 10 ] Among all these methods, carbonaceous materials [ 7f , 9b , 11 ] have been recognized as one of the preferred materials for wiring the surface of LiFePO 4 particles and hence enhancing their electrochemical performance. However, the introduced carbon in the LiFePO 4 /C composites is usually amorphous because of the poor graphitization ability of the precursors at the sintering temperature during formation of the pure olivine phase, making it very diffi cult to increase the rate performance of the LiFePO 4 cathode material to an ultrahigh level ( > 60 C), [ 7a , 12 ] which is extremely important to power EVs and PHEVs and store wind and solar energy. [ 10 ] In this communication, we discuss the design and preparation of a double nano-carbon (amorphous carbon coating and graphitized conducting carbon) decorated LiFePO 4 nanocomposite that can achieve ultrahigh rate capability (about 59% capacity retention at rates up to 120 C) and superior lowtemperature performance (about 71.4% capacity retention when discharged at − 25 ° C) when used as LiFePO 4 cathode material. Hereafter, for simplifi cation, we abbreviate the present double nano-carbon decorated LiFePO 4 nanocomposite as LFP@C/CNT nanocomposite, in which LFP, C and CNT represent the LiFePO 4 nanoparticles, amorphous carbon coating, and graphitized conducting carbon (carbon nanotubes, CNTs), respectively. Figure 1a shows the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the asobtained LFP@C/CNT nanocomposite. In addition to the weak diffraction peak at about 26.4 ° for multiwalled CNTs, all intense peaks in the spectrum can be well indexed to orthorhombic LiFePO 4 (JCPDS Card No. 40-1499, space group Pmnb(62) , a 0 = 6.018 Å, b 0 = 10.34 Å, c 0 = 4.703 Å), indicating the high phase purity of the LFP@C/CNT nanocomposite. The mean crystallite size of LiFePO 4 is ca. 90 nm, as estimated from the widt...