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Quenching studies on the luminescence emission of Ru(bpy),*+ with ferrocyanide ion, 9-methylanthracene, and doxylstearic acids have been carried out in hemimicellar and micellar aggregates to gain insight into the location of this Raman and luminescence probe. Ru(bpy),*+ is bound to a more nonpolar hemimicellar hydrophobic region as evidenced from the observed larger Stokes shift in this case than in the case of a micellar environment. Stern-Volmer constants for the doxylstearic acid quenching of R~(bpy),~+ luminescence in micelles indicated that the optical electron in the MLCT state of the probe molecule resides in a bipyridyl ring which appears to be close to position 7 of the stearic acid chain.

In a search for alkane candidates for 193 nm immersion fluids, several alkanes and cycloalkanes were synthesized, purified, and screened to ascertain their absorption at 193 nm, refractive index, and temperature dispersion coefficient in the context of the actual application. In general, cycloalkanes, and more specifically polycycloalkanes, possess a higher refractive index than do linear alkanes. Decalin, cyclodecane, perhydrophenanthrene (PHP), perhydrofluorene (PHF), and perhydropyrene (PHPY) are examined as potential second- and third-generation immersion fluids. The use of perhydropyrene, which possesses a high refractive index of 1.7014 at 193 nm, may be limited as an immersion fluid because of high absorption at 193 nm. Mixtures of cycloalkanes can lead to a higher enhancement of the refractive index together with a decrease of the viscosity. Exhaustive purification of the fluids is a critical step in determining the real absorption of the different fluids at 193 nm. Even very small traces of impurities possessing a high absorption coefficient at 193 nm can lead to an unacceptably high level absorption at 193 nm, previously incorrectly attributed to the alkane instead of the absorbing impurities.