Physical exercise effects on brain health and cognitive performance have been described. Synaptic remodeling in hippocampus induced by physical exercise has been described in animal models, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Changes in astrocytes, the glial cells involved in synaptic remodeling, need more characterization. We investigated the effect of moderate treadmill exercise (20 min/day) for 4 weeks on some parameters of astrocytic activity in rat hippocampal slices, namely, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glutamate uptake and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities, glutathione content, and S100B protein content and secretion, as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and glucose uptake activity in this tissue. Results show that moderate treadmill exercise was able to induce a decrease in GFAP content (evaluated by ELISA and immunohistochemistry) and an increase in GS activity. These changes could be mediated by corticosterone, whose levels were elevated in serum. BDNF, another putative mediator, was not altered in hippocampal tissue. Moreover, treadmill exercise caused a decrease in NO content. Our data indicate specific changes in astrocyte markers induced by physical exercise, the importance of studying astrocytes for understanding brain plasticity, as well as reinforce the relevance of physical exercise as a neuroprotective strategy.
ResumoObjetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de um protocolo de exercícios proprioceptivos no equilíbrio de atletas de futsal feminino. Metodologia: A amostra foi composta por cinco atletas do time de futsal da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Os treinamentos ocorreram três vezes por semana, durante um mês. As atletas foram avaliadas pré e pós-treinamento em uma plataforma de força no Laboratório de Biomecânica do Centro de Educação Física e Desportos da UFSM. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram uma redução estatisticamente significativa na média e na amplitude do centro de pressão pré e pós-intervenção, na direção médio-lateral e condição olhos fechados, o que demonstra que houve maior controle do equilíbrio corporal na posição e condição solicitada. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas variáveis do centro depressão na condição olhos abertos. Acredita-se que esse resultado esteja relacionado à dominância da aferência visual sobre a proprioceptiva, que pode ter interferido na avaliação das alterações proprioceptivas. Conclusão: O protocolo de propriocepção sugerido demonstrou maior controle de equilíbrio postural nas condições e na amostra avaliada.Palavras-chave: Propriocepção. Futsal. Equilíbrio.
IntroduçãoO controle do equilíbrio requer a manutenção do centro de gravidade sobre a base de sustentação durante situações estáticas e dinâmicas (DANIEL et al., 2010). Para o controle do equilíbrio corporal são necessárias contribuições dos sistemas visual, vestibular e proprioceptivo (BELLEW et al., 2009 Motriz, Rio Claro, v.19 n.2, p.269-277, abr./jun. 2013 Artigo Original Influência da hidrocinesioterapia no equilíbrio postural de idosas institucionalizadasEstele Caroline Welter Meereis Influence of hydrokinetic therapy in postural balance of institutionalized elderly peopleAbstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence that a hydrokinetic therapy program in shallow water has on postural balance of institutionalized elderly women. In this study 8 institutionalized elderly, with a mean age of 62.95 ± 2.87 years participated. The postural balance was evaluated through the force platform. 3 attempts in each sensory organization test (SOT) previously and subsequently the intervention of hydrokinetic therapy in shallow water were made. The variables analyzed were: displacement amplitude of the pressure center (COP) in the anteroposterior, mediolateral direction and displacement speed of the COP. An improvement in postural control after the intervention was observed, where a decrease on the displacement of the pressure center happened, especially in the anteroposterior direction. For the group of institutionalized elderly participants in this study, hydrokinetic therapy performed in shallow water was able to improve postural balance.
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