Morphological changes in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) upon bombardment with 3MeV protons were monitored by transmission electron microscopy in a wide range of irradiation doses. Evident morphological alterations were observed at >0.1 mC, such as curving of the nanotubes, a loss of their straight shape, and formation of short pieces. During further irradiation (doses approaching 1 mC) SWNTs degraded into an amorphous material, although a significant fraction of them were present as pieces of different lengths.
Knowing the thermal expansion of a material and the correlation analysis of the photoacoustic signals, it is possible to obtain the phase transition temperature and a qualitative curve of the specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) for ceramic materials. This analysis was applied to a BaTiO3 ferroelectric ceramic and a good agreement with previously published Cp versus temperature curves was obtained. Additionally, the phase transition temperature and the Cp curve of a samarium-doped lead titanate ceramic (Pb0.88Sm0.08TiO3) are presented. The phase transition temperature of the Pb0.88Sm0.08TiO3 obtained with this technique was corroborated with classical differential thermal analysis and dielectric permittivity measurements.
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