Various studies have identifi ed that between 2012 and 2017, Brazil's semiarid region suffered severe drought. However, few studies have analyzed whether this drought also affected the eastern coastal region of Northeast Brazil (ENEB). Therefore, the objective of this work is to identify rainfall anomalies in these regions and verify the hydrometeorological impact on reservoirs in the 2012-2017 interval. For this purpose, we used precipitation data and atmospheric variables in the period from 1981 to 2017 to investigate the rainy season and associated dynamic patterns, as well as the consequences of these mechanisms on the variation of the water parameters of important reservoirs. The results indicated that rain events in the ENEB during 2012-2017 presented similar climatological behavior, without the characteristic of a drought event as observed in the semiarid region. The meteorological analyses showed that the combination of convergence with moisture over the Atlantic Ocean possibly favored greater frequency of shallow convective rainfall in ENEB, an important factor to explain the absence of generalized negative anomalies in the region. As a consequence, the reservoirs did not suffer from water collapse, unlike in the semiarid region.
Resumo Este artigo teve por objetivo principal analisar o comportamento das chuvas no estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN) e no município de Caicó no intuito de gerar subsídios à gestão dos recursos hídricos locais, frente a crise hídrica frequentemente vivenciada nesse estado e município, respectivamente. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados pluviométricos (acumulados anuais) de todos os municípios do estado do RN (1963-2013) através do banco de dados da SUDENE e EMPARN e dados de precipitação, evaporação e evapotranspiração de Caicó (1996-2013) do banco de dados do INMET. Para a análise hidroclimatológica foram consultados trabalhos sobre o tema, aplicadas técnicas estatísticas, geoestatísticas, através do método dos Quartis e do Coeficiente de Redistribuição e o Índice de Aridez. Os resultados das análises espaciais foram representados em mapas elaborados no Sistema de Informação Geografica ArcGis 10.0. Os dados mostraram que existe um padrão de distribuição espacial das chuvas no RN onde estas são mais volumosas no litoral leste, seguido pelo oeste potiguar, sendo a região central do estado (que inclui parte do litoral norte) a mais seca. Percebeu-se que a distribuição espacial da precipitação apresentou mesma estrutura tanto em um ano seco como em um ano chuvoso, com os maiores valores no litoral leste, seguido pelo oeste do estado e as áreas serranas do sertão, sendo a região central aquela com os menores valores de chuva. O município de Caicó foi classificado como semiárido e com alta susceptibilidade climática ao processo de desertificação. Observou-se também, para o referido município, que a evaporação supera em muito a precipitação, numa média anual ~5 vezes, apontando a vulnerabilidade a qual está submetido esse município com relação à escassez de água.
The São Francisco River basin is one of the largest in the Brazilian territory. This basin has enormous economic, social and cultural importance for the country. Its water is used for human and animal supply, irrigation and energy production. This basin is located in an area with different climatic characteristics (humid and semiarid) and studies related to precipitation are very important in this region. In this scenario, the objective of this investigation is to present an assessment of rainfall estimated through the Integrated Multi-SatellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) product compared with rain gauges over the São Francisco river basin in Brazil. For that, a period from of 20 years and 18 surface weather stations were used to evaluate the product. Based on different evaluation techniques, the study found that the IMERG is appropriate to represent precipitation over the basin. According to the results, the performance of the IMERG product depends on the location where the rain occurs. The bias ranged from −1.67 to 0.34 mm, the RMSE ranged from 5.36 to 10.36 mm and the values of the correlation coefficients between the daily data from the IMERG and rain gauge ranged from 0.28 to 0.61. The results obtained by Student t-test, density curves and regression analysis, in general, show that the IMERG is able to satisfactorily represent rain gauge data. The exception is the eastern portion of the basin, where the product, on average, underestimates the precipitation (p-value < 0.05) and presents the worst statistical metrics.
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