A case of laryngeal leishmaniasis, with symptoms of hoarseness and odinophagia which had developed over the past year, is presented. Clinical features and histological findings are discussed. Visceral leishmaniasis is increasingly associated with HIV infection and some authors have suggested the possibility of including it as a diagnostic criterium for AIDS in HIV-positive patients.When any case of leishmaniasis presents atypical clinical features, localization or treatment response in endemic areas, HIV infection should be ruled out.
Advanced HIV disease, HCV coinfection, and early HAART period were determinants of AIDS progression or death. Lead-time analysis in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients suggests that the best time to start HAART is before the CD4 count falls to lower than 350 cells/microL.
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