This study analyzes change in carbon storage by applying forest growth models and final cutting age to actual and potential forest cover for six major tree species in South Korea. Using National Forest Inventory data, the growth models were developed to estimate mean diameter at breast height, tree height, and number of trees for Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida, Larix kaempferi, Castanea crenata and Quercus spp. stands. We assumed that actual forest cover in a forest type map will change into potential forest covers according to the Hydrological and Thermal Analogy Groups model. When actual forest cover reaches the final cutting age, forest volume and carbon storage are estimated by changed forest cover and its growth model. Forest volume between 2010 and 2110 would increase from 126.73 to 157.33 m 3 hm −2. Our results also show that forest cover, volume, and carbon storage could abruptly change by 2060. This is attributed to the fact that most forests are presumed to reach final cutting age. To avoid such dramatic change, a regeneration and yield control scheme should be prepared and implemented in a way that ensures balance in forest practice and yield. climate change, final cutting age, carbon storage, national forestry inventory, forest growth model Citation:Nam K, Lee WK, Kim M, Kwak DA, Byun WH, Yu H, Kwak H, Kwon T, Sung J, Chung DJ, Lee SH. Spatio-temporal change in forest cover and carbon storage considering actual and potential forest cover in
This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of mammal abundance that are related to habitat variables in natural deciduous forest and Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) plantation in the national forest of Mt. Gariwang, Pyeongchang, Korea. Habitat variables differed between forest types. We counted the mammal trails of Korean hares (Lepus coreanus), raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica), Eurasian badgers (Meles meles), water deer (Hydropotes inermis) and wild boars (Sus scrofa) during the study period. Eurasian badgers, water deer, and wild boars exhibited one or two significant correlations with coverage of understory, downed trees, and coverage of overstory, as determined using a stepwise approach. Habitat variables could be used as predictors of mammal abundance, and thus forest managers should consider such variables in mammal conservation and management activities.
Pine wood nematodes (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, infect the pine host tree through maturation feeding wounds caused by Monochamus saltuarius (a long-horned beetle) and kill the host. This study investigated characteristics of the wound by M. saltuarius, infection behavior of PWN on the wound and distribution of PWN in stem tissues of 20-year-old Pinus densiflora that was artificially inoculated but not showing wilt symptoms. The vector beetle sucked resin and exposed cortical tissues, resin canals, phloem, cambium, ray parenchymatous cells and tracheids in xylem, while it fed on the bark of current shoots of pine tree. When PWN were inoculated on the fed shoot, they infected all of the exposed tissues. When placed on a cut current shoot disc with flowing resin profusely, PWN moved down the resin duct into the cortical layer gravitationally before the resin became sticky due to evaporation. In the artificially inoculated three-year-old stem of 20-year-old P. densiflora, PWN were distributed mostly in resin canals, some in cortical tissues and pith, but very rarely in tracheids. In conclusion, PWN can initially infect resin canals in cortical tissues of pine shoot after feeding by the long-horned beetle.
Sap flux density (SFD) measurements were used, in combination with morphological characteristics of trees and forest structure, to calculate whole-tree transpiration, stand transpiration (St) and mean canopy stomatal conductance (Gs). Analysis based on the relationships between the morphological characteristics of trees and whole tree water use, and on the responses of SFD and Gs to short wave radiation (RR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil water content (SWC) during drought and non-drought periods were conducted. The results showed a strong positive correlation between whole tree transpiration and both tree diameter at breast height (DBH) (r 2 = 0.95, P < 0.05) and sapwood area (SA) (r 2 = 0.98, P < 0.05). Relationships between SFD and DBH (r 2 = 0.25), as well as SA (r 2 = 0.17) were weak. Daily SFD of Quercus serrata Thunb was closely related to VPD and RR. Although operating at different time scales, RR and VPD were important interacting environmental controls of tree water use. SFD increased with increasing VPD (<1 kPa) and RR. SWC had a considerable effect on stand transpiration during the drought period. The relationships between SFD, VPD and RR were distorted when SWC dropped below 35%.
:The purpose of this study was to assess the vulnerability of forest ecosystem to climate change in South Korea using socio-environmental indicators and the results of two vegetation models named as Hydrological and Thermal Analogy Group(HyTAG), and MAPSS-Century 1(MC1). The changing frequency and direction of biome types estimated by HyTAG model was used for quantifying sensitivity and adaptive capacity of forest distribution. Similarly, the variation and changing tendency of net primary production and soil carbon storage estimated by MC1 model was used for quantifying sensitivity and adaptive capacity of forest function. As socio-environmental indicators, many statistical data such as financial autonomy rate and the number of forestry officer was prepared. All indicators were standardized, and then calculated using the vulnerability assessment equation. The period of vulnerability assessment was divided into the past and the future . To understand what policy has a priority to climate change, distribution maps of each indicators was depicted and the vulnerability results were compared among administrative districts. Evident differences could be found in entire study area. These differences were mostly derived from regionalspecific adaptive capacity. The result and methodology of this study would be helpful for the development of decision-making supporting system and policy making in forest management with respect to climate change.
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