Internationally, a wide set of measures are being considered to reduce flood risk: natural flood management (NFM) is one of them. NFM includes a broad range of measures that alter, restore or use landscape features to manage flood risk. By working with catchment‐wide hydrological and morphological processes, NFM aims to manage the sources and pathways of floodwaters. NFM can nevertheless conflict with other land uses, in particular agricultural food production. Our research aimed to explore farmers' perceptions of NFM and identify the criteria influencing decision making in implementation. Using findings from a workshop, qualitative interviews and a national survey carried out in Scotland, this paper identifies six key criteria that farmers consider when implementing NFM: economics, availability of advice and support, public perception, joined‐up policy, catchment planning and traditions. While a number of these criteria are consistent with the agri‐environment literature and other flood management studies, our study makes some novel findings regarding farmer perceptions and how NFM affects the farm business. We conclude that NFM installation could be encouraged through one‐to‐one advice from a trusted facilitator and long‐term financial incentives that compliment other farm payments. This should be combined with a catchment approach to flooding, which highlights shared responsibility for reducing flood risk.

We explore factors that constrain implementation of Natural Flood Management (NFM), based on qualitative analysis of interviews with those influencing and enabling flood risk management in Scotland. NFM entails collaboration by multiple individuals and organisations to plan and deliver measures such as remeandering or buffer strips. Our interviewees identified many interacting issues. They particularly focused on difficulties in securing resources, and evidence gaps and uncertainties associated with NFM. Co-ordination was not simple, often requiring new types of skill, expertise, and resources. NFM is thus outside the 'comfort zone' of many leading or engaged with flood risk management. These experiences echo and elaborate on other studies of attempts to encourage sustainable flood management. To tackle these challenges, practitioners should reflect how pre-existing ideas and practices may shape and constrain new approaches to managing floods, while research is needed on specific strategies that can assist in enabling change.

The Brampton kame belt represents one the largest glaciofluvial complexes within the UK. It is composed of an array of landform and sediment assemblages, associated with a suite of meltwater channels and situated within a palimpsest landscape of glacial features in the heart of the most dynamic part of the British-Irish ice sheet. Glacial geomorphological mapping and sedimentological analysis has allowed a detailed reconstruction of both the morphological features and the temporal evolution of the Brampton kame belt, with processes informed by modern analogues from modern ice margins. The kame belt demonstrates the development of a complex glacier karst typified by the evolution of subglacial meltwater tunnels into an englacial and supraglacial meltwater system dominated by ice-walled lakes and migrating ice-contact drainage networks. Topographic inversion led to the extensive reworking of sediments, with vertical collapse (associated with the melt-out of dead ice) and debris flows causing partial disintegration of the morphology. The resultant landform comprises a series of kettle holes, discontinuous ridges (eskers) and flat-topped hills (ice-walled lake plains). The Pennine escarpment meltwater network, which fed the Brampton kame belt, is composed of an anastomosing subglacial channel system and flights of lateral channels. Water was transferred into the subglacial system via a series of subglacial chutes during changes in the basal ice thermal regime. The Brampton kame belt is envisaged to have formed during the stagnation of ice in the lee of the Pennines and Penrith sandstone outcrop as ice retreated westwards across the Tyne Gap into the Solway Lowlands. The formation of the Brampton kame belt also has particular conceptual resonance in terms of constraining the nature of kame genesis, whereby an evolving glacier karst is a key mechanism in the spatial and temporal development of ice contact sedimentlandform associations.

Integration of services for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and HIV has been widely promoted globally in the belief that both clients and health providers benefit through improvements in quality, efficient use of resources, and lower costs, helping to maximize limited health resources and provide comprehensive client‐centered care. This article builds on the growing body of research on integrated sexual SRH and HIV services. It brings together critical reviews on issues within the wider SRH and rights agenda and synthesizes recent research on integrated services, drawing on the Integra Initiative and other major research. Unintended pregnancy and HIV are intrinsically interrelated SRH issues, however broadening the constellation of services, scaling up, and mainstreaming integration continue to be challenging. Overcoming stigma, reducing gender‐based violence, and meeting key populations’ SRH needs are critical. Health systems research using SRH as the entry point for integrated services and interaction with communities and clients is needed to realize universal health coverage.

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