Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise as therapeutic modalities due to their endogenous characteristics, however, further bioengineering refinement is required to address clinical and commercial limitations. Clinical applications of EV-based therapeutics are being trialed in immunomodulation, tissue regeneration and recovery, and as delivery vectors for combination therapies. Native/biological EVs possess diverse endogenous properties that offer stability and facilitate crossing of biological barriers for delivery of molecular cargo to cells, acting as a form of intercellular communication to regulate function and phenotype. Moreover, EVs are important components of paracrine signaling in stem/progenitor cell-based therapies, are employed as standalone therapies, and can be used as a drug delivery system. Despite remarkable utility of native/biological EVs, they can be improved using bio/engineering approaches to further therapeutic potential. EVs can be engineered to harbor specific pharmaceutical content, enhance their stability, and modify surface epitopes for improved tropism and targeting to cells and tissues in vivo. Limitations currently challenging the full realization of their therapeutic utility include scalability and standardization of generation, molecular characterization for design and regulation, therapeutic potency assessment, and targeted delivery. The fields’ utilization of advanced technologies (imaging, quantitative analyses, multi-omics, labeling/live-cell reporters), and utility of biocompatible natural sources for producing EVs (plants, bacteria, milk) will play an important role in overcoming these limitations. Advancements in EV engineering methodologies and design will facilitate the development of EV-based therapeutics, revolutionizing the current pharmaceutical landscape.

La intención de este artículo es problematizar la cuestión de la memoria desde el pensamiento de Henri Bergson, Samuel Beckett y Friedrich Nietzsche, buscando, sin intentar agotar su complejidad, extraer elementos que permitan pensar dicho problema como una potencia que lleve a comprender la teatralidad en cuanto manera de pensar las estructuras modernas de representación, y particularmente el problema del yo como identidad unitaria. En las páginas que siguen, se realiza un recorrido que intenta mostrar dos aspectos de la memoria que, en su dimensión ontológica, tienen implicaciones tanto en la creación artística como en lo político, y para explicitar dichas implicaciones se mantendrá un diálogo con el pensamiento de Jerzy Grotowski y su noción de cuerpo-memoria. Theatricalities of Body and Memory: A Possible Dialogue between Bergson, Beckett, Nietzsche, and Grotowski The paper aims to address the problem of memory from the thoughts of Henri Bergson, Samuel Beckett, and Friedrich Nietzsche. Without attempting to exhaust its complexity, the research seeks in these works for some elements that could allow us to think of memory as a potency, in a way that could lead us to understand theatricality as a means of thinking of the modern structures of representation, particularly the issue of the self as a unitary identity. More specifically, the following pages contain a journey that aims to show two aspects of memory. In their ontological dimension, these aspects have consequences in the spheres of politics and artistic creation. To explain such implications, a dialogue is established with Jerzy Grotowski’s thought and his notion of body-memory. Recibido: 22 de diciembre de 2021Aceptado: 18 de julio de 2022

No abstract