Cobb angle, age, and curve location are useful predictors of flexibility on antero-posterior radiographs. This may aid preoperative planning in the out-patients department.
This work suggests consent forms are completed well with respect to patient identifiers, legibility and procedure. The variability of complications stated is vast. We suggest standard pre-printed consent forms containing risks and benefits should be used as this may improve standards of informed consent. This has also been recently supported by the British Orthopaedic Association.
Percutaneous access to the upper thoracic vertebrae under fluoroscopic guidance is challenging. We describe our positioning technique facilitating optimal visualisation of the high thoracic vertebrae in the prone position. This allows safe practice of kyphoplasty, vertebroplasty and biopsy throughout the upper thoracic spine.
We conclude that bioelectrical impedance can be used to measure ankle swelling in the presence of injury and could potentially be used both to monitor swelling clinically and as a research tool in studies of swelling management. More research is required to further define the potential role for this technique.
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