Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present the results of preliminary research on the impact of restrictions during the pandemic in Poland on consumer behavior. In the research we tried to demonstrate that the pandemic restrictions and austerity have changed individual consumers' behavior in their daily shopping and to what extent. Design/Methodology/Approach: In this research we used survey research method, i.e., CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interview) technique. The surveyed population consisted of 214 respondents. The research was conducted in the second half of 2020. The sample selection was random. Findings:The results indicate that certain consumer behaviors changed during the lockdown period, indicating the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on consumer behavior. Practical Implications: The research results obtained can become guidelines for changes in individual customer service. Indeed, it should be kept in mind that the change in consumer behavior under the influence of Covid-19 has three implications for management. First, business must also learn to improvise and become more flexible during a pandemic crisis. The second managerial implication is the matching of demand and supply. The third managerial effect is the occurring likelihood that consumers will not return to their old buying habits unless the technology they learn to use does not bring about significant changes in their lives. Originality/Value: Presented results, complement previously conducted research on the impact of the Covid -19 pandemic on the behavior of Polish consumers. The research was designed to address, to some extent, the research gaps identified by others, in examining the effects of Covid-19 on consumer consumption and behavior.
The composition and structure of the project portfolio were analysed and the importance of the links between particular projects and with the organization’s strategy in creating of its value were emphasised in the article. As regards the information projects, profoundly analysed were the subprocesses of identification, categorization, evaluation of components, and balancing of the whole portfolio, besides the tools were proposed for them which involve the specificity of ICT undertakings, optimise the use of the organisation’s resources and enable economically justified choice of projects for the portfolio. The applied research methods comprise a cross-sectional analysis of literature and analytical method. In result of the presented considerations a growing role of the portfolio approach to project management was shown along with its importance in creation of the contemporary organization’s values, and the need to continue the research in the selected area was demonstrated.
The article compares the reasons for using IT outsourcing (ITO) in Polish and Spanish enterprises, based on the authors' own research. The reasons for the application of ITO have been classified into three groups: economic, technological, and organizational/strategic. On the basis of the classified reasons, a research hypothesis was formulated: Representatives of Polish enterprises assess other groups of reasons as the most important motivation for the use of ITO in their companies compared to Spanish enterprises. On the basis of the authors' own research, the hypothesis has been confirmed. Polish enterprises assess technological reasons as the most important, whereas Spanish enterprises consider organizational/strategic reasons to be the most important, although the differences in the assessment are not large. The difference in the validity of the reasons for the use of ITO may arise from the maturity of the ITO market in both countries but may also result from the personal experience of the companies with ITO.
The paper presents the possibility of using cloud computing in project management. Cloud computing is the most rapidly growing field of IT and is used in many areas of business activity. Modern companies and organizations carry out many activities in the form of projects. Case study of two projects using cloud computing shows that it is possible and can be successful use of cloud computing in project management. The first project involved the transfer of ERP system in an international enterprise, and the other, a smaller one, involved the implementation of technical documentation in railway station reconstruction. The scope of the projects were different and the using of cloud computing were different. Finished projects testify to the fact that the project needs may impinge on the different ways to use cloud computing. And that the projects can be successful.
Purpose:The main aim of this article is to determine the impact of selected factors on the level of activities outsourced in the organization to IT outsourcing (ITO). This goal was achieved by building a structural model where the modeled value was the level of outsourced IT activities. Next, it was indicated the factors that have a stimulating and limiting effect on the modeled quantity, and to determine the level of influence. The model was tested on data from economic practice (large Polish organizations). Design/Methodology/Approach: A critical study by review literature and descriptive analysis method, with empirical and formal methods. For the collection of data, the research tool used is a questionnaire, statistical methods were applied to construct the research model and test the hypotheses with structural equations methodology. Findings: The seven variables had an impact on the level of ITO. The stimulating effect had benefits of this service, reasons for using ITO (onshoring and offshoring), factors of a successful relationship with the service provider and factors determining the choice of an ITO service provider. The limiting effect had the risk factors of ITO (onshoring). The risk factors of ITO (offshoring) had a stimulating effect. Practical Implications: The model shows factors that have a stimulating and limiting effect on the level of ITO. This allows the management of an organization that uses ITO or has the intention to do so, and organizations that provide outsourcing services in the IT area, to pay attention to particularly important factors and to ignore factors that are not important. Originality/Value: Construction of the structural model of the level of outsourced IT activities. Identification of factors that stimulate and restrict the level of outsourced IT activities, and determination of the level of impact of these factors on the modeled variable.
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