This review provides recent advances in the conversion of CO2 to methanol, methanol to hydrocarbons, and direct conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbons via methanol intermediate over various monofunctional and bifunctional solid catalysts.

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A series of Sn‐SBA‐15 catalysts were synthesized using a post‐synthetic metal implantation method for converting carbohydrates to methyl lactate. The tin species were highly dispersed and isolatedly grafted in the framework of SBA‐15 under the tin salt concentration between 2 and 25 wt%. They solely provided a large number of Lewis acid sites, which showed robust activity for carbohydrates conversion in contrast to the performance of tin dioxide domains or particles. Over a Sn‐SBA‐15 catalyst (Si/Sn molar=150), the Lewis acid density was 45.9 μmol/g, and methyl lactate yield reached a high value of 57.0 % from inulin conversion in methanol at 433 K for 20 h, without the formation of methyl levulinate by‐product. The Sn‐SBA‐15 catalysts were rather stable under reaction conditions, and cycled at least for 4 times without deactivation.