A series of azole antifungal agents featuring a quinazolinone nucleus have been subjected to studies of structure-activity relationships. In general, these compounds displayed higher in vitro activities against filamentous fungi and shorter half-lives than the structures described in our preceding paper. The most potent products in vitro carried a halogen (or an isostere) at the 7-position of the quinazolinone ring. Using a murine model of systemic candidosis, oral activity was found to be dependent on hydrophobicity, which, in turn, modulated the compound's half-life. The 7-Cl derivative, (1R,2R)-7-chloro-3-[2-(2, 4-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-(1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]quinazolin-4(3H)-one (20, UR-9825), was selected for further testing due to its high in vitro activity, low toxicity, good pharmacokinetic profile, and ease of obtention. Compound 20 is the (1R,2R) isomer of four possible stereoisomers. The other three isomers were also prepared and tested. The enantiomer (1S,2S) and the (1R,2S) epimer were inactive, whereas the (1S,2R) epimer retained some activity. In vitro 20 was superior to fluconazole, itraconazole, SCH-42427, and TAK-187 and roughly similar to voriconazole and ER-30346. In vivo, 20 was only moderately active in a mouse model of systemic candidosis when administration was limited to the first day. This was attributed to its short half-life in that species (t1/2 = 1 h po). Protection levels comparable to or higher than those of fluconazole, however, were observed in systemic candidosis models in rat and rabbit, where the half-life of the compound was found to be 6 and 9 h, respectively. Finally, 20 showed excellent protection levels in an immunocompromised rat model of disseminated aspergillosis. The compound showed low toxicity signs when administered to rats at 250 mg/kg qd or at 100 mg/kg bid during 28 days.

Lan-ATG showed linear pharmacokinetic profiles over the three dose levels after both single and repeated dosing, no initial burst effect and good control over the entire release profile. Despite the absence of dose adaptation, four injections of Lan-ATG were effective in lowering serum levels of GH and IGF-1.

New Azole Antifungals. Part 3. Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of 3-Substituted-4(3H)-quinazolinones.-A series of title compounds (≈50 examples) is subjected to structure-activity relationship studies. The most potent products carry a halogen at position 7 of the quinazolinone ring. The most active compound is (V), while its enantiomer and epimers are less active or inactive. The new compounds are less hydrophobic and particularly active against Aspergillus fumigatus.-(BARTROLI, J.; TURMO, E.; ALGUERO, M.; BONCOMPTE, E.; VERICAT, M. L.; CONTE, L.; RAMIS, J.; MERLOS, M.; GARCIA-RAFANELL, J.; FORN, J.; J.

A series of 92 azole antifungals containing an amido alcohol unit was synthesized. The nature and substitution of the amide portion was systematically modified in search of improved antifungal activity, especially against filamentous fungi. The compounds were tested in vitro against a variety of clinically important pathogens and in vivo (po) in a murine candidosis model. Thiazole and thiophene carboxamides carrying both a substituted phenyl ring and a small alkyl group were best suited for activity against filamentous fungi. In a subset of these compounds, the amide portion was conformationally locked by means of a pyrimidone ring and it was proven that only an orthogonal orientation of the phenyl ring yields bioactive products. A tendency to display long plasma elimination half-lives was observed in both series. Two compounds, 74 and 107, representative of the open and cyclic amides, respectively, were chosen for further studies, based on their excellent activity in in vivo murine models of candidosis and aspergillosis. This work describes the SARs found within this series. The next paper displays the results obtained in a related series of compounds, the quinazolinones.

AimsThe study objectives were to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, as well as safety and tolerability, of single doses of taspoglutide, a human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue.Methods In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 48 patients with Type 2 diabetes [mean age 56 AE 7 years; mean body mass index (BMI) 30.4 AE 3.0 kg ⁄ m 2 ] inadequately controlled with metformin (£ 2 g⁄ day) were enrolled in three sequential cohorts; 12 patients in each cohort were randomized to a single subcutaneous injection of taspoglutide (1, 8 or 30 mg) and four received placebo.Results Plasma concentrations peaked within 24 h after injection and were sustained for ‡ 14 days with all doses. In comparison with placebo, the 8-and 30-mg doses of taspoglutide significantly reduced glycaemic parameters, including 24-h blood glucose and 5-h postprandial glucose areas under the curve (AUCs), for up to 14 days with the 30-mg dose (P < 0.001). The most common adverse events, primarily gastrointestinal in nature, were dose-dependent and transient.Conclusions A single dose of taspoglutide significantly improved glycaemic parameters in Type 2 diabetes patients for up to 14 days. The formulation was well tolerated and appears suitable for weekly administration.