We would like to acknowledge Bell Canada for providing support for this research. AbstractThe use of online technology is exploding worldwide and is fast becoming a preferred method of interacting. While most online interactions are neutral or positive the Internet provides a new means through which children and youth are bullied. The aim of this grounded theory approach was to explore technology, virtual relationships and cyber bullying from the perspectives of students. Seven focus groups were held with 38 students between fifth and eighth grades. The participants considered cyber bullying to be a serious problem and some characterized online bullying as more serious than ‗traditional' bullying because of the associated anonymity. Although the students depicted anonymity as integral to cyber bullying, the findings suggest that much of the cyber bullying occurred within the context of their social groups and relationships. Findings revealed five major themes: technology embraced at younger ages and becoming the dominant medium for communication; definitions and views of cyber bullying; factors unique to cyber bullying; types of cyber bullying; and telling adults. The findings highlight the complexity of the perceived anonymity provided by the Internet and how A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 3 this may impact cyber bullying. The study offers greater awareness of the meanings of online relationships for children and youth. Although traditional bullying has long been considered a school-based problem (Craig & Pepler, 2008), electronic communication tools are moving the discussion of bullying into the realm of the electronic information highway. Similar to traditional bullying, cyber bullying, also known as electronic bullying or online social cruelty (Kowalski et al., 2008), includes -willful and repeated harm inflicted‖ (Hinduja & Patchin, 2009, p. 5) towards another. What makes forms of technology for entertainment, information, personal help and advice, and importantly for social connection and interactions. It is essential that adults acknowledge, understand and accept the Internet and communication technology as a viable and real means of relating for children and youth in order to provide needed guidance and protection, and to keep children safe. Highlights-We compare cyber bullying: victims, bullies, bully-victims, no involvement -We explore the factors that contribute to involvement in cyber bullying.-One quarter reported involvement as both bully and victim in previous three months.-In traditional bullying bully-victims represent smallest most vulnerable group -In the current study the bully-victims category emerged as more common.

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Cyber-aggression is experienced by a significant minority of university students, impacting their sense of wellbeing and mental health.

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