Abstrac
Background
Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) has the potential to increase endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guide transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) accuracy in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). However, studies have reported controversial results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of EBUS‐TBLB combination with ROSE in PPLs.
Methods
A total of 152 patients with PPLs underwent EBUS were enrolled and completed this study. Patients were divided into EBUS combined with ROSE group (EBUS+ROSE group) and EBUS group (EBUS group). The diagnostic yield, operation time, and complications were compared between the two groups.
Results
The diagnostic yield in EBUS+ROSE group was 85.9%, the operation time was (24.6 ± 6.8) min, the diagnostic yield in EBUS group was 70.3%, and the operative time was (32.4 ± 8.7) min, there were significant differences in diagnostic yield (χ2 = 5.456, P = .016) and operation time (t = 3.167, P = .001) between the two groups. No severe procedure related complications were observed, such as, pneumothorax and hemorrhage.
Conclusions
ROSE can improve the diagnostic yield and shorten the operation time. EBUS combined with ROSE is an effective diagnostic method for PPLs.
Cripto‐1 (CR‐1) is related to the biological behaviour and prognosis of carcinomas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of CR‐1 expression in surgically resected stage I non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). One hundred and forty‐eight patients with completely resected stage I NSCLC and available clinical follow‐up data were assessed. The protein expression of CR‐1 in the tumours was detected by immunohistochemistry. CR‐1 was highly expressed in 64 of 148 tumours. Among patients with high CR‐1 expression, progression‐free survival and overall survival rate were significantly lower than those of patients with low CR‐1 levels (P = .013 and P = .019, respectively). The incidence of distant metastasis in patients with high CR‐1 expression was significantly higher than that of in patients with low CR‐1 expression (57.13% vs 21.43%, P = .001). The results of the multivariate analysis confirmed that a high CR‐1 was a significant factor for poor prognosis. In conclusion, CR‐1 could be a useful prognostic factor in patients with stage I NSCLC, likely as an indicator of the metastatic propensity of the tumour.
At present, the studies showed that applications of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticels in vivo are hampered by their non-specific uptake by the innate immune system. And surface PEGylation of the nanoparticles maybe a feasible approach to escape from the reticular-endothelial system for a long blood circulation half-life. In this paper, we synthesized two sizes of monodisperse nanoparticles and studied the effects of PEG length on reduced protein adsorption and non-specific uptake by macrophage cells for an ideal material with a relatively long blood half-life. The results show that small nanoparticles with high molecular weight PEGylation may be a more applicable candidate due to their size effect and high efficiency in reducing protein adsorption.
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