A defect engineering strategy is proposed to synthesize carbon foam supported oxygen vacancy-enriched SnOx nanosheets as a promising monolithic electrode for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formate with high activity and selectivity.
A series of N-doped carbon foam tubular electrodes are proposed as both gas diffusers and self-supported electrocatalysts for stable production of tunable syngas (CO/H2 ratio, 1 : 3 to 2 : 1) in a wide potential range (−0.5 V to −1.3 V vs. RHE).
Disordered nucleation sites and a fragile solid electrolyte interphase on the reactive interface tend to cause uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites, which induce severe safety concerns and prevent lithium metal batteries from finding practical applications. Herein, novel stepped carbon nanosheets with abundant step edges and ultra‐high fluorine content (37.44 at%) are fabricated by combining an improved molten salt synthesis method with C4F8 vacuum plasma treatment. The solvent‐induced spatial confinement effect, i.e., orientation carbonization of pitch macromolecules, leads to the formation of step‐edge‐enriched nanoarrays. Meanwhile, the adequate exposure of edge sites on the basal plane of carbon nanosheets is conducive to achieve the ultra‐efficient doping of elemental fluorine in only 10 min. Further experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the coupling effect of sufficient edge sites and active semi‐ionic CF/covalent CF2 groups on the carbon surface can not only form 2D fluorinated lithium chain and a robust LiF network, but also effectively facilitate Li ion redox kinetics and morphological stability, presenting a step‐edge‐guided plating process. As such, the developed anodes deliver an ultra‐low nucleation overpotential (≈10.5 mV), high Coulombic efficiency (>98% over 385 cycles), ultra‐long cycling duration for up to 3000 h under ≈10 mV, and excellent full battery performance.
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