Background: NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis and several studies have suggested that inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome could be a potential therapeutic approach to treat atherosclerosis. Baicalin is a flavone glycoside with anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative activities. The inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by baicalin has also been described. Therefore, the effects of baicalin on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and atherosclerosis were evaluated in present study. Methods: We established the apolipoprotein E-deficient atherosclerosis mice model. After baicalin treatment, the IL-1, IL-18, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the plaque area was monitored. We also measured the NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 expression in atherosclerosis mice after baicalin treatment. We silenced NLRP3 by administration of lentivirus expressing NLRP3 shRNA to atherosclerosis mice and monitored the IL-1, IL-18, and ROS production, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Results: Baicalin remarkably inhibited the production of IL-1, IL-18, mitochondria ROS, total ROS, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Baicalin reduced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and suppressed its activation. Baicalin significantly reduced the plaque area. Silencing NLRP3 resulted in decreased production of IL-1, IL-18, mitochondria ROS, total ROS, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Conclusion: Baicalin ameliorated atherosclerosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome.
Background: This current systematic review aimed to evaluate the role of surgical management and risk factors by pooled cases from all identified patients with colonic leiomyosarcomas. Methods: The authors searched the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane databases using the keywords "colonic," "colon," and "leiomyosarcoma." Risk factors of colonic leiomyosarcoma in the pooled cohort were also evaluated. Results: Between 1923 and 2019, 41 cases of colonic leiomyosarcoma were identified in 22 (53.7%) males and 19 (46.3%) females, with a mean and median age of 58.7 ± 2.2 years and 56.0 years. According to univariate analysis, smaller tumor size < 8 cm was significantly associated with longer progression-free survival (HR = 6.957, 95% CI 1.405-34.442; p = 0.017), and younger age < 60 years was trending toward better overall survival (HR = 2.765, 95% CI 0.924-8.272; p = 0.069). Conclusions: Colonic leiomyosarcomas are rare neoplasms with aggressive clinical behaviors. Age < 60 years and tumor size < 8 cm were favorable factors for patients' better survival.
Literature search strategyThe search protocol, including the search questions and inclusion and exclusion criteria, was developed a priority according to the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We performed a systematic literature research of the Ovid Medline, Embase, Pubmed, and Cochrane Library Database from 1923 to 2019. The keywords used in the search were "colonic," "colon," and "leiomyosarcoma." We further reviewed all the references provided in the publication and incorporate
Background: This current systematic review aimed to evaluate the role of surgical management and risk factors by pooled cases from all identified patients with colonic leiomyosarcomas. Methods: The authors searched the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane databases using the keywords “colonic” “colon” and “leiomyosarcoma”. Risk factors of colonic leiomyosarcoma in the pooled cohort were also evaluated. Results: Between 1923 and 2018, 39 cases of colonic leiomyosarcoma were identified in 20 (51.3%) males and 19 (48.7%) females, with a mean and median age of 59.2 ± 2.2 years and 57.0 years. According to univariate analysis, smaller tumor size < 8 cm was significantly associated with longer progression-free survival (HR=6.114, 95% CI=1.226-30.501; p=0.027), and younger age < 60 years was trending toward better overall survival (HR=2.588, 95% CI=0.860-7.793; p=0.091). Conclusions: colonic leiomyosarcomas are rare neoplasms with aggressive clinical behaviors. Age < 60 years and tumor size < 8 cm were favorable factors for patients’ better survival.
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