CLDN5 regulates the permeability of BBB by regulating the proliferation, migration, and permeability of hCMEC/D3 cells, especially through the cell adhesion molecule signaling pathway, to enhance the function of the tight junctions, which was involved in reducing the formation of lung cancer brain metastasis.

Objectives To predict cavernous sinus (CS) invasion by pituitary adenomas (PAs) pre-operatively using a radiomics method based on contrast-enhanced T1 (CE-T1) and T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Methods A total of 194 patients with Knosp grade two and three PAs (training set: n = 97; test set: n = 97) were enrolled in this retrospective study. From CE-T1 and T2 MR images, 2553 quantitative imaging features were extracted. To select the most informative features, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was performed. Subsequently, a linear support vector machine (SVM) was used to fit the predictive model. Furthermore, a nomogram was constructed by incorporating clinico-radiological risk factors and radiomics signature, and the clinical usefulness of the nomogram was validated using decision curve analysis (DCA). Results Three imaging features were selected in the training set, based on which the radiomics model yielded area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.852 and 0.826 for the training and test sets. The nomogram based on the radiomics signature and the clinico-radiological risk factors yielded an AUC of 0.899 in the training set and 0.871 in the test set. Conclusions The nomogram developed in this study might aid neurosurgeons in the pre-operative prediction of CS invasion by Knosp grade two and three PAs, which might contribute to creating surgical strategies. Key Points • Pre-operative diagnosis of CS invasion by PAs might affect creating surgical strategies • MRI might help for diagnosis of CS invasion by PAs before surgery • Radiomics might improve the CS invasion detection by MR images. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00330-018-5725-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Currently, there is still a lack of appropriate in vitro model for studying lung cancers, especially for recapitulating their invasion and metastasis properties. To develop an appropriate in vitro model for lung cancer research, low-temperature molding principle of biological manufacturing and 3D bioprinting was used in this study to fabricate a cell-laden hydrogel grid scaffold structure, using gelatin-sodium alginate-lung cancer cell A549/95-D suspension as the bio-ink. Cells distributed evenly in this model with high viability, and can be cultured sustainably. This model can be cultured for up to 28 days and maintained its structural integrity. Histology, gene analysis, and scratch test showed that 3D printed cells had enhanced invasion and migration capability compared to those cultured in 2D environment, indicating that the in vitro model developed in this study was more biomimetic compared to 2D models, and it is highly valuable in biomedical research.