MoO3−x displayed dramatically enhanced photo-thermal synergistic CO2 reduction under simulate sunlight irradiation compared to MoO3 due to the LSPR of MoO3−x triggered by oxygen vacancies.

Sluggish charge kinetics and low CO 2 affinity seriously inhibit CO 2 photoreduction. Herein, the synchronous promotion of charge separation and CO 2 affinity of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 is realized by coupling corona poling and surface I-grafting. Corona poling enhances ferroelectric polarization of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 by aligning the domains direction, whichprofoundly promotes charge transfer along opposite directions across bulk. Surface I-grafting forms as urface local electric field for further separating charge carriers and provides abundant active sites to enhance CO 2 adsorption. The two modifications cooperatively further increase the ferroelectric polarization of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 ,which maximizethe separation efficiency of photogenerated charges,r esulting in an enhanced CO production rate of 15.1 mmol g À1 h À1 (nearly 9t imes) with no sacrificial agents or cocatalysts.T his work discloses that ferroelectric polarization and surface ion grafting can promote CO 2 photoreduction in asynergistic way.

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Limited by the chemical inertness of CO 2 and the high dissociation energy of the CO bond, photocatalytic CO 2 conversion is highly challenging. Herein, we prepare ultrathin oxygen-modified h-BN (O/BN) nanosheets containing B−O bonds. On the O/BN surface, CO 2 can be chemically captured and is bonded with the B−O bond, leading to the formation of an O−B−O bond. This new chemical bond acting as an electron-delivery channel strengthens the interaction between CO 2 and the surface. Thus, the reactants can continuously obtain electrons from the surface through this channel. Therefore, the majority of gaseous CO 2 directly converts into carbon active species that are detected by in situ DRIFTS over O/BN. Moreover, the activated energies of CO 2 conversion are significantly reduced with the introduction of the B−O bond evidenced by DFT calculations. As a result, O/BN nanosheets present an enhanced photocatalytic CO 2 conversion performance with the H 2 and CO generation rates of 3.3 and 12.5 μmol g −1 h −1 , respectively. This work could help in realizing the effects of nonmetal chemical bonds in the CO 2 photoreduction reaction for designing efficient photocatalysts.

This paper presents macromolecular models of sulfur-containing Qingdao petroleum. The results were investigated with ultimate analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The models showed that organic sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen in the coke were mainly in the forms of thiophene-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing pyrrole or pyridine, and CO or C–O–C, respectively. During calcination, the aromaticity of coke increased, with element contents and functional groups changing substantially. Moreover, the models explained the desulfurization mechanism of coke during calcination.

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NH3-reducing desulfurization was demonstrated using a high-sulfur coke calcining desulfurization experiment at 1000 °C, and the sulfur chemical reactions of the three aromaticities of thiophene were studied during desulfurization. Results showed that NH3-reducing desulfurization could significantly remove sulfur in the coke, and the best operation temperature was approximately 800 °C, at which more than 80% of organic sulfur could be removed. The physical and chemical indicators of petroleum coke after desulfurization were not affected. Thermodynamic calculation results showed that the desulfurization reaction was more favorable at higher temperatures. However, the reaction was also affected by other factors; thus, the desulfurization efficiency decreased when the desulfurization temperature exceeded 800 °C. This paper presents a specific explanation of this phenomenon.