Late RHF is common after continuous-flow LVAD implantation, but does not affect survival during LVAD support. However, it is associated with worse overall outcomes in the BTT population.

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Ec-VAD is a unique approach for the treatment of patients in cardiogenic shock. It eliminates the need for cardiopulmonary bypass and reduces blood product utilization and bleeding events.

Continuous-flow left ventricular assist device therapy reduced pulmonary vascular resistance. Subsequent orthotopic heart transplantation in patients with significantly elevated pulmonary vascular resistance resulted in higher in-hospital mortality but similar 3-year survival.

Continuous-flow LVAD improves renal and hepatic functions in patients with advanced heart failure. However, in most, the initial improvement in renal function is largely transient and returns to baseline after a prolonged support period.

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Despite pre-existing AI, the prevalence of significant AI in patients with CAVC was comparable to the AI in those without pre-existing AI/CAVC. The efficacy of this technique was more evident in DT patients. Thus, CAVC may be an effective and durable strategy, especially in patients who require lengthy device support.