Background/Aims: Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) infection induces cognitive impairment in rodents. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that Chromatin remodeling through histone acetylation can regulate cognitive function. In the present study, we investigated the epigenetic regulation of chromatin that underlies BoDV-1-induced cognitive changes in the hippocampus. Methods: Immunofluorescence assay was applied to detect BoDV-1 infection in hippocampal neurons and Sprague-Dawley rats models. The histone acetylation levels both in vivo and vitro were assessed by western blots. The acetylation-regulated genes were identified by ChIP-seq and verified by RT-qPCR. Cognitive functions were evaluated with Morris Water Maze test. In addition, Golgi staining, and electrophysiology were used to study changes in synaptic structure and function. Results: BoDV-1 infection of hippocampal neurons significantly decreased H3K9 histone acetylation level and inhibited transcription of several synaptic genes, including postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Furthermore, BoDV-1 infection of Sprague Dawley rats disrupted synaptic plasticity and caused spatial memory impairment. These rats also exhibited dysregulated hippocampal H3K9 acetylation and decreased PSD95 and BDNF protein expression. Treatment with the HDAC inhibitor, suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), attenuated the negative effects of BoDV-1. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that regulation of H3K9 histone acetylation may play an important role in BoDV-1-induced memory impairment, whereas SAHA may confer protection against BoDV-1-induced cognitive impairments. This study finds important
BackgroundNeuropsychiatric disorders are devastating illnesses worldwide; however, the potential involvement of viruses in the pathophysiological mechanisms of psychiatric diseases have not been clearly elucidated. Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic, noncytopathic RNA virus.Materials and methodsIn this study, we infected neonatal rats intracranially with BDV Hu-H1 and Strain V within 24 hours of birth. Psychological phenotypes were assessed using sucrose preference test, open field test, elevated plus maze test, and forced swim test. The protein expression of ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway was assessed by Western blotting of in vitro and in vivo samples.ResultsHu-H1-infected rats showed anxiety-like behavior 8 weeks postinfection while Strain V-infected rats demonstrated a certain abnormal behavior. Phosphorylated ERK1/2 was significantly upregulated in the hippocampi of Strain V- and Hu-H1-infected rats compared with control rats, indicating that Raf/MEK/ERK signaling was activated.ConclusionThe data suggested that infection of neonatal rats with BDV Hu-H1 and Strain V caused behavioral abnormalities that shared common molecular pathways, providing preliminary evidences to investigate the underlying mechanisms of psychiatric disorders caused by BDV.
BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is mediated by chronic dysregulation of complex neural circuits, particularly the specific neurotransmitters or other neural substrates. Recently, both increases and decreases in resting-state functional connectivity have been observed in patients with MDD. However, previous research has only assessed the functional connectivity within a specific network or some regions of interests, without considering the modulatory effects of the entire brain regions. To fill in the research gap, this study employed PPI (physiophysiological interaction) to investigate the functional connectivity in the entire brain regions. Apart from the traditional PPI used for cognitive research, current PPI analysis is more suitable for exploring the neural mechanism in MDD patients. Besides, this PPI method does not require a new cognitive estimation task and can assess the modulatory effects on different part of brain without prior setting of regions of interest.MethodsFirst, we recruited 76 outpatients with major depressive disorder, and conducted MRI scan to acquire structural and functional images. As referred to the previous study of resting-state networks, we identified eight well-defined intrinsic resting-state networks by using independent component analysis. Subsequently, we explored the regions that exhibited synchronous modulatory interactions within the network by executing PPI analysis.ResultsOur findings indicated that the modulatory effects between healthy crowed and patient are different. By using PPI analysis in neuroimaging can help us to understand the mechanisms of neural disruptions in MDD patients. In addition, this study provides new insight into the complicated relationships between three or more regions of brain, as well as different brain networks functions in external and internal.ConclusionFurthermore, the functional connectivity may deepen our knowledge regarding the complex brain functions in MDD patients and suggest a new multimodality treatment for MDD including targeted therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation.
The influence of Al+++ Substitution for Fe+++ in M-type Ba ferrite on the magnetocrystalline anisotropy field H A and the critical single-domain radius R c has been studied by Haneda and Kojima. It is difficult to obtain H cJ values agreeing with theoretical results for the reason that the H cJ is very sensitive to the preparation method. We have been developing a new method called “coprecipitation combined with high-temperature melting.” It offers a suitable condition for studying the rule of H cJ of Ba Fe12-x Al x O19. Our results conformed to the effects calculated by Haneda and Kojima. The highest level of H cJ in our experiment reached 16000 Oe. We have fabricated plastic sheet magnets from the superhigh H cJ ferrite powder and padded the soft ferrite core with this sheet magnet to adjust the bias magnetic field. This ferrite core can be improved and the weight and size of the device can be reduced.
Gastric carcinomas have high morbidity and mortality. It produces no noticeable symptoms in the early stage while causing complex complications in its advanced stage, making treatment difficult. Palliative therapy aims to relieve the symptoms of cancer patients and focuses on improving their quality of life. At present, five palliative therapies for advanced gastric carcinomas are offered: resection, gastrojejunostomy, stenting, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In recent years, palliative therapy has been used in the clinical treatment of advanced gastric carcinomas and related complications because of its efficacy in gastric outlet obstruction and gastric bleeding. In the future, multimodal and interdisciplinary palliative therapies can be applied to control general symptoms to improve patients’ condition, prolong their lifespan and improve their quality of life.
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