Four stoichiometric W-B intermetallic phases, including W2B, WB, WB2 and WB3, are synthesized, and their hydrogen-evolution electrocatalytic properties and electronic structures are investigated comparatively. The electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen...
This
study tests the effect of using the combination of graphene
oxide (GO) with different valence cations as a heterogeneous nucleant
on promoting catalase crystallization. By using GO and three types
of salts with different valences, NaCl, MgCl2, and YCl3, the addition of GO with all three salts resulted in an increase
in the percentage of crystal drops and a decrease in induction time.
The experimental results further verified that there is a synergistic
effect of GO and cations as the percentage of crystal drops was higher
when GO with cations was added compared to control experiments where
only GO or cations presented. It was also observed that the improvement
in crystallization became more significant when cations with higher
valence were utilized. It is believed that the enhancement in crystallization
was due to the synergistic effect arising from the cation-π
and electrostatic interactions between GO sheets and cations. These
interactions subsequently contributed to the positively charged salt,
which adsorbed and connected both negatively charged catalase molecules
and the GO surfaces, increasing the local protein concentration and
leading to crystallization. In addition, we compared LaCl3 and CeCl3 with YCl3 to verify the effect of
the same valence salt on catalase crystallization and found that the
higher the charge density, the more pronounced the promotion effect.
This study provides a new protein crystallization methodology by exploiting
GO with cations as heterogeneous nucleant to promote catalase crystallization
and brings about a new model for investigating protein crystallization
mechanisms.
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