A new species of Neckeraceae, Neckera serrulatifolia Enroth & M.Ji, is described from Xizang (Tibet), China. It belongs in an Asian group of relatively robust, distinctly stipitate species with an obtuse leaf apex, relatively long costa and strongly incrassateporose leaf cell walls, but differs from the other species by the combination of strongly complanate and undulate branch leaves, long leaf decurrencies, and serrulate margins at leaf base and at midleaf. The sporophytes remain unknown.
Miscanthus
sacchariflorus is a typical perennial giant grass of East Asia as a biofuel feedstock. However, the mechanism of its salt tolerance is not well understood. In this study, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, MDA, proline content, POD, SOD, and CAT of M. sacchariflorus under salt stress were investigated with five NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 180 mmol.l-1. The results showed that the chlorophyll content decreased with increasing NaCl stresses, whereas soluble protein content, MDA, proline content, POD, SOD and CAT increased with increasing NaCl stresses. Low salt stress (30 and 60 mmol.l-1 NaCl) had almost no effect when comparing with the control under early stage (before 14 days) of salt stress treatment. However, treatment with high salt stress (90 and 180 mmol.l-1 NaCl) promoted MDA, proline, and antioxidant enzymes increasing markedly.
In recent years, the number of artificial light sources has tremendously increased with the development of lighting technology and the economy. Nighttime light pollution has been an increasing environmental problem, resulting in negative impacts on human health and the ecological environment. Detailed knowledge of light pollution is important for the planning and management of urban lighting. In this study, light pollution in Nanjing, China was monitored and analyzed using field observations and a 130-m resolution Luojia 1-01 nighttime light imagery. Combined with in situ observations and satellite imagery, a variety of empirical models were established for estimating ambient illuminance at night. Cross-validation was employed to assess the performance of these models, indicating that the third-degree polynomials model had the best performance (MAE = 5.06 lx, R2 = 0.81). The developed third-degree polynomial model was then applied to the Luojia 1-01 image to map the nighttime illuminance in Nanjing. The nighttime illuminance depicted the spatial pattern of the light environment over Nanjing and also indicated some heavily light-polluted areas. Some lit areas were residential areas, whose high brightness had negative effects on residents and need particular attention. This study provides a quantitative and objective reference for the light pollution management in Nanjing, and also a reference for light pollution survey in other regions.
Neckera tjibodensis M.Fleisch. from Indonesia (Java) is transferred to Horikawaea Nog. in the Pterobryaceae and the combination H. tjibodensis (M. Fleisch.) M.C.Ji & Enroth is made. Horikawaea redfearnii B.C.Tan & P.-J.Lin is recognized as its taxonomic synonym. The species is illustrated with line drawings and compared with H. nitida Nog. The geographic distributions of both species are presented on a map.
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