Since the inception of 3D printing, an evolutionary process has taken place in which specific user and customer needs have crossed paths with the capabilities of a growing number of machines to create value-added businesses. Even today, over 30 years later, the growth of 3D printing and its utilization for the good of society is often limited by the various users' understanding of the technology for their specific needs. This article presents an overview of current 3D printing technologies and shows numerous examples from a multitude of fields from manufacturing to education.
The new nonlinear optical crystal Y
x
La
y
Sc
z
(BO3)4 (x + y + z = 4) has been discovered. Phase boundaries
have been established in the determination of the x, y, z composition parameters that define the existence
region of the trigonal huntite-type structure. From single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements, the
member Y0.57La0.72Sc2.71(BO3)4 has been found to crystallize in space group R32 with cell dimensions a
= 9.774(1) and c = 7.944(3) Å. Large single crystals have been grown by a high-temperature solution
method. The high-energy optical absorption edge for polished pieces was found to be at a wavelength
shorter than 200 nm. Sellmeier equations for the dispersion in the refractive indices were determined on
the basis of curve fitting of data obtained by the method of minimum deviation. From modeling and
optical measurements on powders, the nonlinear optical coefficient d
11 has been determined to be 1.4
pm/V.
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