Objective: to identify and analyze the concepts of the realist evaluation and the methodologies recommended for its development in the health area. Method: an integrative review, which included theoretical and methodological studies published in the following databases: COCHRANE Library, EVIPNet, Health Systems Evidence, LILACS, PDQ-Evidence, PubMed, Rx for Change, and SciELO, in addition to Teses-CAPES and Google Scholar, for the gray literature. The mediation category underlay the analysis. Results: 19 references were included, published between 1997 and 2018. It is an innovative proposal to direct the process of evaluating health programs, interventions, and/or policies, with the democratic participation of the parties involved, such as users, workers, managers and researchers; it proposes to elaborate theories about what works, for whom, in what context, and how. The mediation category indicated the need for these theories not to be restricted to the micro-context, but to incorporate the elements of the social macro-structure to which they are connected. Conclusion: It is indicated that the realist evaluation is to be conducted in 21 stages. It takes into account qualitative and procedural methods, which makes it powerful for understanding human and social relationships in the context analyzed. Theories that come from evaluating the functioning of the programs analyzed have greater explanatory chances if they are built by reference to the social totality.
RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar e analisar os conceitos de revisão realista e a metodologia recomendada para seu desenvolvimento na área da saúde. Método: Revisão integrativa que, por meio de 11 fontes de dados, buscou estudos teórico-metodológicos, qualitativos ou quantitativos, os quais analisaram ou propuseram teorias e/ou metodologia de revisão realista. Resultados: Foram incluídos 23 estudos, publicados majoritariamente no Reino Unido. A revisão realista visa explicar o que faz com que uma política, programa ou intervenção complexa funcione, em quais aspectos, para quem, em qual contexto, em que extensão e por que, por meio da construção de teoria, descompactando os mecanismos de funcionamento e contextos de políticas ou programas complexos que geram resultados. Tal metodologia conta com o envolvimento dos interessados no problema desde os estágios iniciais do processo de revisão. Conclusão: A revisão realista tem a potencialidade de fornecer subsídios relevantes e aplicáveis para pesquisadores, trabalhadores, formuladores de políticas e tomadores de decisão em saúde.
Objectives: to understand the experience of aging in the perspective of nurses working in a hospital environment. Methods: descriptive study with a qualitative approach, with interviews based on six guiding questions analyzed through Martín Heidegger’s perspective on Phenomenology. Results: eleven nurses with a mean age of 46.2 years old participated in the study. The study unveiled the phenomenon of being a nurse in the process of aging. The speeches were divided into three categories: Being-there and the different faces of aging; Being-in-the-world of work; Being-in-the-world of old age. Final Considerations: there was a trend towards a positive search for aging and active old age, but aspects such as fear of loneliness and abandonment (“Being-in-the-world of old age”) emerged through fearful speeches. There is a need for gerontological education so that nurses can properly discuss and plan a healthy aging process and achieve a dignified old age.
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