Thermal, mechanical and chemical exchange occurs between felsic and mafic magmas in dynamic magma systems. The occurrence and efficiency of such exchanges are constrained mainly by the intensive parameters, the compositions, and the mass fractions of the coexisting magmas. As these interacting parameters do not change simultaneously during the evolution of the granite systems, the exchanges appear sequentially, and affect magmatic systems at different structural levels, i.e. in magma chambers at depth, in the conduits, or after emplacement. Hybridisation processes are especially effective in the plutonic environment because contrasting magmas can interact over a long time-span before cooling. The different exchanges are complementary and tend to reduce the contrasts between the coexisting magmas. They can be extensive or limited in space and time; they are either combined into mixing processes which produce homogeneous rocks, or only into mingling processes which produce rocks with heterogeneities of various size-scales. Mafic microgranular enclaves represent the most common heterogeneities present in the granite plutons. The composite enclaves and the many types of mafic microgranular enclaves commonly associated in a single pluton, or in polygenic enclave swarms, are produced by the sequential occurrence of various exchanges between coexisting magmas with constantly changing intensive parameters and mass fractions. The complex succession and repetition of exchanges, and the resulting partial chemical and complete isotopic equilibration, mask the original identities of the initial components.
Zusammenfassung
AbstractEnclaves give important information on the origin and evolution of granitic magmas.The presence in a granite of surmicaceous enclaves (restites) is good evidence of continental crust contribution to magma genesis. The presence of dark microgranular enclaves is an indication of mantle contribution. The joint presence in the same granite of the two types of enclaves indicates that its magma has probably more than one source.Dark microgranular enclaves, and their host granites as well, are hybridized rocks resulting from incomplete mixing (or mingling) of more acidic and basic components. Enclave studies allow one to specify mixing conditions. When mixing occurs relatively early with respect to granite crystallization, only earlier-formed granitic minerals (zircon, apatite...) may be incorporated in the basic magma. When mixing occurs later all granitic minerals may be involved.When all the dark microgranular enclaves of a granite are similar, the intervention of a single mixing event can be assumed. On the contrary, when several chemically and mineralogically contrasted varieties occur, several mixing events can be assumed. The order of these events may be deduced from the nature of the granitic minerals present in the enclaves (early of late minerals) or sometimes by observation of double enclaves.Enclave shapes bring information on the distance between the place of mixing and the place of observation. Enclaves with irregular or crenulated margins, or with chilled margins as we/l, always occur near mixing places. The enclave transport in the magma makes these characteristics disappear.In spite of hybridization processes, the primitive composition of the basic component of the mixture may someti-
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