Objective In the present study, we attempted to assess how psychological theories (health belief model [HBM], theory of planned behaviour [TPB], social cognitive theory [SCT], clinical theories [CT] and other theories [OT]) influence oral health interventions. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Knowledge databases from 2000 to 2017 were searched. We defined psychological theories based on five subgroups: (A) HBM, (B) TPB, (C) SCT, (E) CT and (F) OT. Results From the 156 identified studies, 19 studies based on PICO were included. Our findings indicated that the standardized mean difference (SMD) of HBM was 0.37 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.51), which was statistically significant in improving oral health. The SMD of SCT was not significant (0.05 [95% CI: −0.33, 0.44]) in improving oral health. The SMD of TPB was significant (1.66 [95% CI: 1.06, 2.27]) in improving oral health. The SMD of CT (−4.6 [95% CI: −6.49, −2.71]) and OT (2.93 [95% CI: 1.55, 4.32]) revealed significant differences in improving oral health. Conclusion The current meta‐analysis showed that in general, psychological interventions that used OT, CT, HBM and TPB were effective in enhancing oral health status, and interventions that used SCT did not have an effect on improving oral health status. Oral health care providers who work with patients to take methods and improve behaviours that are related to appropriate oral health need to comprehend their applicability and strengths.
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
BackgroundPromotion of exclusive breast feeding is known as a savior strategy, to reduce infantile mortality. The theory of planned behavior is an appropriate theory to explain the effect of psychosocial factors on infant feeding behavior. This study aimed to evaluate impact of planned behavior theory-based education on the behavior of pregnant women related to exclusive breast feeding in Arak city, 2016–17.MethodsThis study is an interventional study that was done on 101 pregnant women with gestational age of 32–28 weeks in health centers of Arak city. All individuals were divided into experimental and control groups randomly. Valid and reliable questionnaires were completed before, on and 3 months after intervention. Experimental group received educational intervention in 3 sessions. Date was analyzed using SPSS 16 software (Chi-square, T, R.M.ANOVA Tests).ResultsThe results showed that, after implementation of the intervention, mean of scores for attitudes, subjective norms, Perceived behavioral control, intention and exclusive breast feeding behavior has increased significantly in the experimental group compared with the control group.ConclusionThe findings of this study, showed the efficiency and effectiveness of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on exclusive breast feeding behavior. Designing and implementing educational programs based on the theory of planned behavior is proposed to encourage women to breast-feed exclusively to encourage women to breast-feed exclusively.
Seat belt use is one of the most effective behaviors for saving lives and reducing injuries in bus accidents. This behavior among Iranian bus passengers has not received enough attention. The aim of this study was to discover the determinants of the use and lack of use of bus seat belts in a sample of bus drivers and passengers, traffic police, and related experts. In this qualitative study, data were gathered through 60 semi-constructed interviews. A data analysis was conducted using the inductive content analysis method. A purposive and non-probability sampling approach was employed to recruit participants. After the data analysis, 493 primary codes were extracted, and multiple revisions and merging of these codes based on similarity were carried out. Two categories were identified as determinants of bus seat belt usage behavior. The results of this study provide a comprehensive view of the determinants of bus seat belt usage behavior in Iran and suggest the necessity of interventions in bus passengers' attitudes and perceptions and more attention to environmental issues, such as the appropriate availability of bus seat belts.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, a newly discovered coronavirus, the best strategy to deal with the infection is prevention aimed at reducing transmission in the community. This article aimed to using effective behavior change strategies are needed to control COVID-19. Social marketing facilitates the acceptance, rejection, modification, abandonment, or maintenance of particular behaviors by groups of individuals, often referred to as the target audience. The six-benchmark criteria for social marketing interventions include Behavior change, Customer research, Audience segmentation Marketing mix, Exchange, Competition. Social marketing can promote healthy behaviors. Perceived benefits of the preventive behaviors can be considered. Besides, media, advertising, and other methods to reach out to the consumers to inform and encourage them should be considered. For this purpose, a slogan and a logo should be designed and installed in all educational interventions and media such as posters, pamphlets, face-to-face training sessions, group discussion sessions, telephone counseling, and videos. Advertising using celebrities covering their faces with masks can persuade people to wear face mask. To promote health behaviors, professionals should pay attention to the segmentation of the target audience before providing any service. All plans should be piloted before implementation. Besides, information sources should be organized, and media that should be used to inform the target audience should be identified.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.