Conference; ALI = acute lung injury; HMVEC(s) = human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell(s); HNA(s) = human neutrophil antigen(s); LPS = lipopolysaccharide; lyso-PC(s) = lysophosphatidylcholine(s); SHOT = Serious Hazard of Transfusion.ransfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is an uncommon clinical complication of allogeneic blood transfusion. Despite its increasing recognition over the past 5 years, much about TRALI remains poorly understood and controversial. Outstanding issues include the lack of a universally accepted case definition, uncertainty about incidence and pathogenesis, and disagreement about both how to manage