BACKGROUND Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) was recently added to the U.S. Recommended Uniform Screening Panel for newborns. States considering screening requirements may want more information about the potential impact of screening. This study examined potentially avoidable mortality among infants with late detected CCHD and assessed whether late detection was associated with increased hospital resource use during infancy. METHODS This was a state-wide, population-based, observational study of infants with CCHD (n =3603) born 1998 to 2007 identified by the Florida Birth Defects Registry. We examined 12 CCHD conditions that are targets of newborn screening. Late detection was defined as CCHD diagnosis after the birth hospitalization. Deaths potentially avoidable through screening were defined as those that occurred outside a hospital following birth hospitalization discharge and those that occurred within 3 days of an emergency readmission. RESULTS For 23% (n =825) of infants, CCHD was not detected during the birth hospitalization. Death occurred among 20% (n =568/2,778) of infants with timely detected CCHD and 8% (n =66/825) of infants with late detected CCHD, unadjusted for clinical characteristics. Potentially preventable deaths occurred in 1.8% (n =15/825) of infants with late detected CCHD (0.4% of all infants with CCHD). In multivariable models adjusted for selected characteristics, late CCHD detection was significantly associated with 52% more admissions, 18% more hospitalized days, and 35% higher inpatient costs during infancy. CONCLUSION Increased CCHD detection at birth hospitals through screening may lead to decreased hospital costs and avoid some deaths during infancy. Additional studies conducted after screening implementation are needed to confirm these findings.
Índice de masa corporal materno pre-embarazo y riesgo de malformaciones congénitas específicas: evidencia de una relación dosis-respuesta Block SR, Watkins SM, Salemi JL, Rutkowski R, Tanner JP, Correia JA, Kirby RS. Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and risk of selected birth defects: evidence of a dose-response relationship. RESUMEN (1) Antecedentes: Este estudio investiga la relación en-tre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) previo al emba-razo y 26 malformaciones al nacer identificadas en el Registro de Defectos de Nacimientos de Florida. Métodos: El IMC (kg/m2) previo al embarazo se categorizó en bajo peso (<18,5), normopeso (18,5-24,9), sobrepeso (25-29,9) y obesidad (≥30) entre las madres residentes de Florida sin diabetes pre-gestacional y que tuvieron partos de embarazos únicos entre marzo de 2004 y diciembre de 2009. La obesidad se clasificó en tres categorías: Obesidad I (30,0-34,9), Obesidad II (35,0-39,9) y Obesidad III (≥40,0). Se utilizó regresión logística para calcular los Odds Ratios ajustados con un intervalo de con-fianza de 95%, representando la asociación entre el IMC pre-embarazo y cada uno de los 26 defectos específicos al nacer y un compuesto de "cualquier malformación al nacer". Los modelos fueron ajus-tados según edad materna, raza/etnia, educación, tabaquismo, estado civil y origen. Resultados: En nacidos vivos la prevalencia de cualquier defecto al nacer aumenta con el incremento del IMC, de 3,9% en mujeres con bajo peso a 5,3% en mujeres con Obesidad III (p<0,001). Los resultados mues-tran una relación directa dosis-respuesta entre el IMC materno pre-embarazo y 10 malformaciones en estudio (fisura palatina sin fisura labial, hernia diafragmática, hidrocefalia sin espina bífida, síndro-me de hipoplasia de ventrículo izquierdo, atresia y estenosis de válvula pulmonar, estenosis pilórica, estenosis y atresia rectal e intestinal, transposición de grandes arterias, tetralogía de Fallot y defectos septales ventriculares) y la categoría de "cualquier malformación al nacer". Al contrario, la gastrosqui-sis mostró una relación inversa y estadísticamente significativa con el IMC pre-embarazo. Conclusio-nes: Este estudio entrega evidencia del riesgo au-mentado de malformaciones con el aumento de la obesidad pre-embarazo. Reducir la obesidad pre-embarazo, incluso entre las mujeres obesas, podría reducir la ocurrencia de estos defectos al nacer. ANÁLISIS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN A. Relevancia clínica de la investigación El aumento exponencial en la prevalencia de obesidad en la población (2) ha estimulado la bús-queda de eventuales asociaciones entre la obesi-dad previa al embarazo y el riesgo de resultados adversos perinatales (3,4). En general, se han descrito efectos adversos relacionados con la mayor incidencia de diabetes gestacional, infertilidad, mortalidad perinatal y anomalías congénitas. Ini-cialmente, se describió el mayor riesgo de efectos adversos perinatales en relación a madres diabé-ticas pre-gestacionales o gestacionales (4-6). En cuanto al IMC previo al embarazo y su asociación R...
Objective. We linked data from two independent birth defects surveillance systems with different case-finding methods in an overlapping geographic area to assess Florida's suveillance of birth defects (e.g., neural tube defects, orofacial clefts, gastroschisis/omphalocele, and chromosomal defects), focusing on sensitivity and completeness of ascertainment measures.Methods. Live-born infants identified from each system born during 2003-2006 in a nine-county catchment area with specific birth defects were linked to birth certificates. Using the enhanced surveillance system as a gold standard, we calculated the sensitivity of the Florida Birth Defects Registry (FBDR) for identifying infants. Next, we used capture-recapture models to estimate the completeness of case ascertainment and the prevalence of each birth defect in the catchment area. We used multivariable logistic regression models with backward elimination to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for factors significantly associated with the FBDR's failure to capture infants ultimately identified by enhanced surveillance.Results. The FBDR's sensitivity was 89.3%, and the overall completeness of ascertainment was estimated as 86.6%. Defect-specific sensitivity and completeness of ascertainment varied significantly by defect. The combined defect-specific sensitivity for all malformations under study was 86.6%; completeness of ascertainment ranged from 45.6% for anencephaly to 88.6% for Down syndrome, 87.9% for spina bifida without anencephaly, and 87.0% for orofacial clefts.Conclusions. For the defects under study, the FBDR captured nearly nine of every 10 infants born with selected birth defects. However, the FBDR's ability to identify specific defects was both more limited and defect dependent with widely varying defect-specific sensitivities.
Caregivers of persons with AD/related dementia face important social, physical, psychological and financial pressures. These negatively affect the quality of life of caregivers with a significant increased burden being placed on live-in caregivers versus caregivers who do not co-reside with their care recipients. Interventions that address these pressures will not only improve the health and well-being of caregivers, but likely also the care of persons with AD/dementia.
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