Conductivity dopants are used in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) to reduce the operating voltage and consequently improve the power efficiency. Here, we report the synthesis, as well as photophysical and electroluminescent properties, of an organic molecular p-type conductivity dopant: 1,3,4,5,7,8-hexafluorotetracyanonaphthoquinodimethane (F6-TNAP). F6-TNAP was obtained in a three-step two-pot synthesis from commercially available octafluoronaphthalene. When 1%-5% of F6-TNAP was coevaporated with N,N 0 -di-1-naphthyl-N,N 0 -diphenyl-1,1 0 -biphenyl-4,4 0 diamine (R-NPD) an absorption band at 950 nm was formed, which is attributed to charge transfer and assigned to the F6-TNAP radical anion. Single-carrier (hole-only) devices fabricated with F6-TNAP doped into R-NPD as the hole transport layer (HTL) show a >2 V decrease in operating voltage, compared to the undoped device. A decrease in operating voltage was also demonstrated in blue OLED devices using a F6-TNAP-doped HTL, with only a slight decrease in external quantum efficiency, thus resulting in a net improvement in power efficiency. These results demonstrate that F6-TNAP may be useful in generating high-efficiency OLEDs.
Natural gas purifications using chemically selective hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) sorbents could be more efficient if chemical selectivity for H 2 S could be maintained without thermal regeneration of the sorbent. We used tertiary alkanolamines to reversibly capture H 2 S in the absence of water to produce hydrosulfide-based ionic liquids in high yield. These alkanolammonium hydrosulfide ionic liquids release H 2 S by exposure to inert gas or by mild heating. H 2 S can be rapidly and nearly quantitatively released at ambient temperature from the alkanolammonium hydrosulfide ionic liquids by the addition of nonpolar antisolvents, some of which naturally phase separate from the spent alkanolamine. The antisolvent-induced regeneration of the alkanolamine potentially allows an efficient H 2 S gas scrubbing process that is chemically selective and can be operated continuously at or near ambient temperature.
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