Ninety patients were included in this prospective randomized trial. Each required electric colorectal surgery and was prepared for operation with oral preoperative antibiotic therapy, systemic peroperative therapy, or by a combination of both. The number of each type of septic postoperative complication and their total did not differ between the group treated by oral antibiotics prior to operation and the group treated peroperatively with systemic antibiotic therapy. The total number of septic complications (wall abscesses, fistulas, subdiaphragmatic abscesses, septicemia, peritonitis), however, was significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the group treated by both preoperative oral antibiotics and peroperative systemic antibiotic therapy (3.3 per cent) than in either groups treated only orally preoperatively (30 per cent) or by systemic antibiotic therapy during the operation (23 per cent). The combination of oral antibiotic therapy prior to operation and of systemic peroperative antibiotic therapy, therefore, presents the most effective prophylactic effectiveness.
Nutrient remobilization during leaf senescence nourishes the growing plant. Understanding the regulation of this process is essential for reducing our dependence on nitrogen fertilizers and increasing agricultural sustainability. Our laboratory is interested in chromatin changes that accompany the transition to leaf senescence. Previously, darker green leaves were reported for
Arabidopsis thaliana hac1
mutants, defective in a gene encoding a histone acetyltransferase in the CREB‐binding protein family. Here, we show that two
Arabidopsis hac1
alleles display delayed age‐related developmental senescence, but have normal dark‐induced senescence. Using a combination of ChIP‐seq for H3K9ac and RNA‐seq for gene expression, we identified 43 potential HAC1 targets during age‐related developmental senescence. Genetic analysis demonstrated that one of these potential targets,
ERF022
, is a positive regulator of leaf senescence.
ERF022
is regulated additively by HAC1 and MED25, suggesting MED25 may recruit HAC1 to the
ERF022
promoter to increase its expression in older leaves.
1Nutrient remobilization during leaf senescence nourishes the growing plant. Understanding the 2 regulation of this process is essential for reducing our dependence on nitrogen fertilizers and increasing 3 agricultural sustainability. Our lab is interested in chromatin changes that accompany the transition to 4 leaf senescence. Previously, darker green leaves were reported for Arabidopsis thaliana hac1 mutants, 5 defective in a gene encoding a histone acetyltransferase in the CREB-binding protein family. Here, we 6show that two Arabidopsis hac1 alleles display delayed age-related developmental senescence, but have 7 normal dark-induced senescence. Using a combination of ChIP-seq for H3K9ac and RNA-seq for gene 8 expression, we identified 44 potential HAC1 targets during age-related developmental senescence. 9Genetic analysis demonstrated that one of these potential targets, ERF022, is a positive regulator of leaf 10 senescence. ERF022 is regulated additively by HAC1 and MED25, suggesting MED25 recruits HAC1 to the 11 ERF022 promoter to increase its expression in older leaves. 12
Venus' clouds harbor several proposed trace chemical species that suggest the potential for chemistries yet to be discovered. Exemplar trace species include ammonia, oxygen, hydrogen, methane, and ethene, which were detected remotely or in situ (
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