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The current review demonstrates relatively few investigations seeking to characterize the neuropharmacologic suitability of DISE agents. Compared to propofol and midazolam, dexmedetomidine's mechanism of action appears most likely to induce natural sleep pathways. Further study of its effect on upper airway collapsibility (critical closing pressure) and pharyngeal muscle tone (genioglossus electrode electromyography) are needed. Laryngoscope, 2016 Laryngoscope, 127:273-279, 2017.

Ketamine is a promising treatment for chronic neuropathic pain. "

Following the publication of the article, the authors realized that the Whirlin cDNA (NCBI accession no. AY739114) used in the study contains two synonymous variants (Leu476Leu (CTC to CTT), and Thr537Thr (ACA to ACG)) and one non-synonymous variant (Gly550Arg (GGA to AGA)). The authors regret this error. We corrected all three variants to conform to the wild type mouse sequence (accession number AY739114) and repeated the inner ear gene therapy experiments in the whirler mutant mice (Whrn wi/wi ) as published in the original study. The corrected AAV8-whirlin was delivered via the posterior canal approach and caused a partial improvement in the auditory function in the Whrn wi/wi mice (mean ABR thresholds of 97.5 ± 1.64, 81.9 ± 5.08, 95.0 ± 2.67, and 95.7 ± 2.59 at stimulus frequencies of 4 kHz, 8 kHz, 16 kHz, and 32 kHz, respectively, n=5). The magnitudes of ABR threshold improvement are similar to our previously published results (p = 0.27, ANOVA). The corrected AAV8-whirlin delivered via the posterior canal approach also led to an improvement in the vestibular function in the Whrn wi/wi mice, as indicated by a reduction in circling behavior (7.20 ± 0.43 rotations per 2 min). This improvement in vestibular function is also similar to our previously published results (p = 0.41, t-test). Thus, correction of the variants that were present in the original whirlin cDNA did not alter the conclusions of the study.

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