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We report the results of a search for νe appearance in a νµ beam in the MINOS long-baseline neutrino experiment. With an improved analysis and an increased exposure of 8.2 × 10 20 protons on the NuMI target at Fermilab, we find that 2 sin 2 (θ23) sin 2 (2θ13) < 0.12 (0.20) at 90% confidence level for δ=0 and the normal (inverted) neutrino mass hierarchy, with a best fit of 2 sin 2 (θ23) sin 2 (2θ13) = 0.041−0.031 (0.079−0.053 ). The θ13=0 hypothesis is disfavored by the MINOS data at the 89% confidence level.PACS numbers: 14.60. Pq, 14.60.Lm, arXiv:1108.0015v1 [hep-ex] 29 Jul 2011 2 It has been experimentally established that neutrinos undergo flavor change as they propagate [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. This phenomenon is well-described by three-flavor neutrino oscillations, characterized by the spectrum of neutrino masses together with the elements of the PMNS mixing matrix [8]. This matrix is often parametrized by three Euler angles θ ij and a CP-violating phase δ. While θ 12 and θ 23 are known to be large [1,4,6], θ 13 appears to be relatively small [9][10][11][12][13], with the tightest limits so far coming from the CHOOZ [10] and MINOS [12] experiments. The T2K collaboration has recently reported indications of a nonzero value for θ 13 at the 2.5σ confidence level (C.L.) [14]. This letter reports new θ 13 constraints from the MINOS experiment, using an increased data set and significant improvements to the analysis.MINOS is a two-detector long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment situated along the NuMI neutrino beamline [15]. The 0.98-kton Near Detector (ND) is located on-site at Fermilab, 1.04 km downstream of the NuMI target. The 5.4-kton Far Detector (FD) is located 735 km downstream in the Soudan Underground Laboratory. The two detectors have nearly identical designs, each consisting of alternating layers of steel (2.54 cm thick) and plastic scintillator (1 cm). The scintillator layers are constructed from optically isolated, 4.1 cm wide strips that serve as the active elements of the detectors. The strips are read out via optical fibers and multi-anode photomultiplier tubes. Details can be found in Ref. [16].The data used in this analysis come from an exposure of 8.2×1020 protons on the NuMI target. The corresponding neutrino events in the ND have an energy spectrum that peaks at 3 GeV and a flavor composition of 91.7% ν µ , 7.0% ν µ , and 1.3% ν e +ν e , as estimated by beamline and detector Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, with additional constraints from MINOS ND data and external measurements [6,17]. The two-detector arrangement and the relatively small intrinsic ν e component make this analysis rather insensitive to beam uncertainties. Neutrino-nucleus and final-state interactions are simulated using NEUGEN3 [18], and particle propagation and detector response are simulated with GEANT3 [19].MINOS is sensitive to θ 13 through ν µ → ν e oscillations. To leading order, the probability for this oscillation mode is given bywhere ∆m 2 32 (in units of eV 2 ) and θ 23 are the dominant atmospheric oscillation...

Two measurements of the cosmic-ray positron fraction as a function of energy have been made using the High Energy Antimatter Telescope (HEAT) balloon-borne instrument. The first flight took place from Ft. Sumner, New Mexico in 1994, and yielded results above the geomagnetic cutoff energy of 4.5 GeV. The second flight from Lynn Lake, Manitoba in 1995 permitted measurements over a larger energy interval, from 1 GeV to 50 GeV. In this letter we present results on the positron fraction based on data from the Lynn Lake flight, and compare these with the previously published results from the Ft. Sumner flight. The results confirm that the positron fraction does not increase with energy above ≈ 10 GeV, although a small excess above purely secondary production cannot be ruled out. At low energies the positron fraction is slightly larger than that reported from measurements made in the 1960's. This effect could possibly be a consequence of charge dependence in the level of solar modulation.

The Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS) experiment uses an acceleratorproduced neutrino beam to perform precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters in the "atmospheric neutrino" sector associated with muon neutrino disappearance. This long-baseline experiment measures neutrino interactions in Fermilab's NuMI neutrino beam with a near detector at Fermilab and again 735 km downstream with a far detector in the Soudan Underground Laboratory in northern Minnesota. The two detectors are magnetized steel-scintillator tracking calorimeters. They are designed to be as similar as possible in order to ensure that differences in detector response have minimal impact on the comparisons of event rates, energy spectra and topologies that are essential to MINOS measurements of oscillation parameters. The design, construction, calibration and performance of the far and near detectors are described in this paper.

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