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In the four-momentum-transfer range 0.05 <^v 2 < 0.27 (GeV/c) 2 , longitudinal and transverse response functions have been determined by performing a Rosenbluth separation of 2 H(e,e'p) coincidence cross sections measured in parallel kinematics. The results are compared to nonrelativistic calculations that include the effects of final-state interaction, meson-exchange currents, and isobar configurations, and to relativistic calculations that include the effects of final-state interaction. The ratios of the response functions agree with both calculations; the absolute values are (16 ± 3 ± 8)% larger than predicted.PACS numbers: 25.30.Fj, 25.10,+s, The deuteron system plays an essential role in nuclear physics as this bound two-nucleon system contributes to the basis of our understanding of the nucleon-nucleon interaction, being the microscopic input for any fundamental model of heavier nuclei. In the theoretical calculations of the two-nucleon system the state of the art is such that experiments with high precision are important to enable comparisons with theoretical predictions and possibly distinguish between the various calculations. The level of our understanding of the two-nucleon system is illustrated by the reasonable description of many existing electron-scattering data. 1 " 3 Only a limited set of high-precision exclusive experiments exists. In particular, no exclusive experiments aimed at separating individual structure functions of the deuteron in the quasielastic domain have been reported so far. Given its general interest, it is of relevance to obtain such precise exclusive data on the deuterium electrodisintegration process. These data should preferably involve the coincident (e.e'p) reaction as it gives access to four independent observables (if no polarization degrees of freedom are considered).In the past, several inclusive quasielastic (QE) electron-scattering experiments have been performed on the deuteron. Nonrelativistic calculations show good agreement with the separated inclusive longitudinal and transverse response functions 4 in the three-momentumtransfer range between 300 and 500 MeV/c. In exclusive experiments the cross sections are measured over a large missing-momentum range, 5,6 and are rather well reproduced by nonrelativistic calculations. In this paper we present the results of an exclusive 2 H(e,e'p) experiment, in which both the longitudinal and transverse response functions have been determined.The description of the QE (e,e'p) process is generally based on the following assumptions: (i) A simple virtual photon is involved in the knockout process (one-photonexchange approximation); (ii) the energy and momentum that the electron loses in the scattering process are transferred to a single nucleon (quasielastic-scattering process); (iii) for the nucleon current the free-nucleon current is taken, modified for off-shell effects [impulse approximation (IA)]. In order to investigate the validity of these assumptions, experiments have been performed on several nuclei, e.g., 4 He (Refs. ...

The pronounced /-0 selectivity of the (e y e'p) proton knockout reaction has been exploited to determine the relative occupation of the 3s 1/ 2 proton orbit in 205 T1 and 206 Pb. This value, when combined with previous electron scattering data, enables us to extract in a largely model-independent fashion the absolute 3s 1/ 2 occupation probability in 208 Pb. The depletion of the 3s 1/ 2 proton orbit is found to be (18 ± 9)%, compatible with predictions of many-body theories.