ANRS (France Recherche Nord and Sud Sida-HIV Hépatites), the Canadian HIV Trials Network, Fonds Pierre Bergé-Sidaction, Gilead Sciences, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

The aim of the present study was to assess the pharmacokinetic behavior of atazanavir-ritonavir when it is coadministered with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Eleven patients enrolled in Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA (National Agency for AIDS Research, Paris, France) trial 107 were included in this pharmacokinetic study. They received atazanavir at 300 mg and ritonavir at 100 mg once a day (QD) from day 1 to the end of study. For the first 2 weeks, their nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) treatments remained unchanged. Tenofovir DF was administered QD from day 15 to the end of the study. Ongoing NRTIs were selected according to the reverse transcriptase genotype of the HIV isolates from each patient. The values of the pharmacokinetic parameters for atazanavir and ritonavir were measured before (day 14 [week 2]) and after (day 42 [week 6]) initiation of tenofovir DF and are reported for the 10 patients who completed the study. There was a significant decrease in the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC 0-24 ) for atazanavir with the addition of tenofovir DF (AUC 0-24 ratio, 0.75; 90% confidence interval, 0.58 to 0.97; P ‫؍‬ 0.05). There was a trend for a decrease in the minimum concentrations of atazanavir and ritonavir in plasma when they were combined with tenofovir, but none of the differences reached statistical significance. The median decreases in the HIV RNA loads at week 2 and week 6 were 0.1 and 0.2 log copies/ml, respectively. In summary, our data are consistent with the existence of a significant interaction between atazanavir and tenofovir DF.

Patients receiving stavudine/lamivudine/indinavir had a greater rate of clinical lipodystrophy, mainly lipoatrophy, than those treated with zidovudine/lamivudine/indinavir.

The combination of antiviral drugs and IL-2 induced a greater expansion and function of CD4 T cells than antiretroviral drugs alone.

In HIV-1-infected adults not previously treated with antiretroviral drugs whose plasma HIV-1 RNA levels fell below 500 copies per milliliter after three months of induction therapy with zidovudine, lamivudine, and indinavir, two-drug maintenance therapy was less effective in sustaining a reduced viral load than continued three-drug therapy.

Our findings provide evidence that therapeutic immunization significantly impacts on HIV-1 replication. This translated into a decrease of up to 40% in the duration of exposure to antiretroviral drugs over 15 months of patients' follow-up.

NCT00536627.

Results from Dynabeads and FC were highly correlated. The ability of the alternative method to consistently classify results in agreement with FC, at thresholds of CD4 cell counts relevant for clinical care, was high. The implementation of this low-cost method was easy and successful in the West African context.