The differences in plant phenology between rural and urban areas are the subject of research conducted all over the world. There are few studies aimed at assessing the impact of the urban heat island on plant vegetation only in urban areas. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the distance from the city center and the form of land cover on the phenological development of trees using the example of the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.). The research area covered the entire city of Wrocław. In order to best capture the impact of the distance from the city center on the rate of changes of individual phenophases, 3 areas were designated—at a distance of 1 km, 2 km and 5 km. The study assessed the average duration of individual phenological phases along with the variability characteristics for leafing, flowering and fruiting in relation to the designated zones and classified forms of land cover based on mean value (x¯) and standard deviation (±SD) in individual weeks of the year. For the leafing and flowering phases, the frequency of the occurrence of phases in individual weeks of the year was analyzed in relation to the designated zones and classified land use methods. The results obtained on the basis of phenological observations carried out in 2017 in Wrocław confirmed the extension of the period of vegetation in the city center in relation to its peripheries. Trees growing in road lanes entered the vegetation period later and defoliated faster, which confirms the negative impact of street conditions on the development of trees in urban space. Thus, the growing season in road lanes is shorter and due to the 1-year observation period, it is justified to conduct further observations.
This study aims to present the classification model of urban riverside landscapes. The subject of the research is the riverside landscape of Wroclaw, Poland, as seen from the level of the Oder River. The assessment was made with the use of the statistical method-the analysis of discriminant functions. The assessment was conducted on the basis of a detailed analysis of the linear film picture. In order to build the model on the passage of 70 km, eight parameters, in 354 points every 200 m, were assessed. The statistical method was used for modeling. The developed model, based on the 8 parameters, allows for classifying landscapes into the 5 classes of landscape value on the grounds of the classification values for cases. The efficiency of the developed model is estimated to be on the level of 77%. The built model can constitute an objective tool of landscape classification that supports making planning decisions. The application of the model in spatial planning would be allowed to include aesthetic and landscape aspects in the process of developing riverside areas of a city.
The dissertation attempts to determine the applicability of one of the newest assessment methods of the landscape capacity as a tool supporting the assessment of the investments' impact on the landscape. For the purpose of the research a Wind farm (PROMET-PLAST S.C.) was chosen, which is located in the Gaj Oławski village on a hill, at the Provincial Road No. 396, on the Oława-Strzelin route, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Oława County. In the process of the assessment of the wind farm's impact on the landscape, the photographic documentation was used of the panoramas from 16 observation points designated in places where the visibility zone circle and the communication route cross. The Krajewski's method of the assessment of the landscape capacity was used (2012), which constituted the starting point for the studies. The following criteria for this assessment were adopted: the terrain construction, the land cover and visibility. The landscape capacity arising from the historical value (the higher the historical value, the lesser the landscape capacity), visual values (related to the topographic conditions) and the exposure (active and passive one) was examined. The method applied did not fully allow to determine the overall landscape capacity. However, its use during the phase of the investment preparation (the choice of location in the field), through the appropriate location depending on the type of landscape, topography, spatial relationships, can minimize the potential negative impact.
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